HOSTNAME.IF(5)

NAME
hostname.if - interface-specific configuration files

DESCRIPTION
The hostname.* files contain information regarding the configuration of each network interface. One file should exist for each interface that is to be configured, such as hostname.fxp0 or hostname.bridge0. A configuration file is not needed for lo0.

The configuration information is expressed in a line-by-line packed format which makes the most common cases simpler; those dense formats are described below. Any lines not matching these packed formats are passed directly to ifconfig(8). The packed formats are converted using a somewhat inflexible parser and the administrator should not expect magic — if in doubt study ifconfig(8) and the per-driver manual pages to see what arguments are permitted.

Arguments containing either whitespace or single quote characters must be double quoted. For example:

    inet 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.255 description "Bob's uplink"

Each line is processed separately and in order. For example:

    nwid mynwid wpakey mywpakey
    inet6 autoconf
    dhcp

would run ifconfig to set the nwid and wpakey of the interface, run it again to set the AUTOCONF6 flag, and then start dhclient(8).

STATIC ADDRESS CONFIGURATION
The following packed formats are valid for configuring network interfaces with static addresses:

Regular IPv4 network setup:

inet [alias] addr netmask broadcast_addr options
dest dest_addr

Regular IPv6 network setup:

inet6 [alias] addr prefixlen options
dest dest_addr

Other network setup:

addr_family options

A typical file contains only one line, but more extensive files are possible, for example:

    media 100baseTX description Uplink
    inet 10.0.1.12 255.255.255.0 10.0.1.255
    inet alias 10.0.1.13 255.255.255.255 10.0.1.13
    inet alias 10.0.1.14 255.255.255.255 NONE
    inet alias 10.0.1.15 255.255.255.255
    inet alias 10.0.1.16 0xffffffff
    # This is an example comment line.
    inet6 alias fec0::1 64
    inet6 alias fec0::2 64 anycast
    !route add 65.65.65.65 10.0.1.13
    up

The above formats have the following field values:

addr_family
    The address family of the interface, generally “inet” or “inet6”.

alias
    The literal string “alias” if this is an additional network address for the interface.

addr
    The optional address that belongs to the interface, such as 190.191.192.1 or fe80:2::1. It is also feasible to use a hostname as specified in /etc/hosts. It is recommended that an address be used instead of symbolic information, since the latter might activate resolver library routines.

    If no address is specified, the netmask, broadcast_addr, dest, and dest_addr options are invalid and will be ignored.

netmask
    The optional network mask for the interface, e.g., 255.255.255.0. If addr is specified but netmask is not, the classful mask based on addr is used.

broadcast_addr
    The optional broadcast address for the interface, e.g., 190.191.192.255. The word “NONE” can also be specified in order to configure the broadcast address based on the netmask. The netmask option must be present in order to use this option.

options
    Miscellaneous options to set on the interface, e.g., “media 100baseTX mediaopt full-duplex”. Valid options for a particular interface type can be found in ifconfig(8). When used, the netmask and broadcast_addr options must also be present.

dest
    If the interface needs a destination address set, this is the literal text “dest”. As shown in the example, this declaration should start on a separate line.

dest_addr
    The destination address to be set on the interface, such as 190.191.192.2. It is also feasible to use a hostname as specified in /etc/hosts. It is recommended that an address be used instead of symbolic information which might activate resolver library routines.

prefixlen
    The prefixlen number, or number of bits in the netmask, to be set on the interface, such as 64.

#   Comments are allowed. Anything following a comment character is treated as a comment.

!command
    Arbitrary shell commands can be executed using this directive, as long as they are available in the single-user environment (for instance, /bin or /sbin). Useful for doing interface-specific configuration such as setting up custom routes using route(8) or establishing tunnels using ifconfig(8). It is worth noting that “\$if” in a command line will be replaced by the interface name.

DYNAMIC ADDRESS CONFIGURATION
The following packed formats are valid for configuring network interfaces with dynamic addresses:

A DHCP-configured network interface setup consists of

dhcp options

The above format has the following field values:

dhcp
    The literal string “dhcp” if the interface is to be configured using DHCP. See dhclient(8) and dhclient.conf(5) for more details.

options
    Miscellaneous options to set on the interface, e.g., “media 100baseTX mediaopt full-duplex”. Valid options for a particular interface type can be found in ifconfig(8).

IPv6 stateless address autoconfiguration:

inet6 autoconf options

The above format has the following field values:

inet6
    The address family.

autoconf
    The literal string “autoconf”, to configure the interface using IPv6 stateless address autoconfiguration (SLAAC).

options
    Miscellaneous options to set on the interface, e.g., “media 100baseTX mediaopt full-duplex”. Valid options for a particular interface type can be found in ifconfig(8).

BRIDGE INTERFACE CONFIGURATION
If the network interface is a bridge, the options described in the bridge section of the ifconfig(8) manual page apply.

For example:

    add fxp0
    add ep1
    -learn fxp0
    #
    !ipsecctl -F
    #
    static fxp0 8:0:20:1e:2f:2b
    up    # and finally enable it

FILES

/etc/hostname.XXX
    Interface-specific configuration files.

SEE ALSO
hosts(5), dhclient(8), ifconfig(8), netstart(8), rc(8)