// Copyright (c) 2015-2021 Tigera, Inc. All rights reserved.

package main_test

import (
	"context"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"math/rand"
	"net"
	"net/http"
	"net/http/httptest"
	"os"
	"os/exec"
	"regexp"
	"strings"
	"syscall"
	"time"

	cniv1 "github.com/containernetworking/cni/pkg/types/100"
	"github.com/containernetworking/plugins/pkg/ns"
	cnitestutils "github.com/containernetworking/plugins/pkg/testutils"
	. "github.com/onsi/ginkgo"
	. "github.com/onsi/gomega"
	api "github.com/projectcalico/api/pkg/apis/projectcalico/v3"
	"github.com/projectcalico/api/pkg/lib/numorstring"
	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
	kerrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors"
	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
	"k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/clientcmd"

	"github.com/projectcalico/calico/cni-plugin/internal/pkg/testutils"
	"github.com/projectcalico/calico/cni-plugin/internal/pkg/utils"
	"github.com/projectcalico/calico/cni-plugin/pkg/types"
	libapi "github.com/projectcalico/calico/libcalico-go/lib/apis/v3"
	k8sconversion "github.com/projectcalico/calico/libcalico-go/lib/backend/k8s/conversion"
	client "github.com/projectcalico/calico/libcalico-go/lib/clientv3"
	"github.com/projectcalico/calico/libcalico-go/lib/ipam"
	"github.com/projectcalico/calico/libcalico-go/lib/names"
	cnet "github.com/projectcalico/calico/libcalico-go/lib/net"
	"github.com/projectcalico/calico/libcalico-go/lib/netlinkutils"
	"github.com/projectcalico/calico/libcalico-go/lib/options"
)

var counterByPrefix map[string]int

// pefixName generates a new unique name with the given prefix.
// We use an incrementing counter to ensure that a unique name
// is generated each time the function is called.
func generateName(prefix string) string {
	if counterByPrefix == nil {
		counterByPrefix = make(map[string]int)
	}
	counterByPrefix[prefix]++
	return fmt.Sprintf("%s-%d", prefix, counterByPrefix[prefix])
}

func ensureNamespace(clientset *kubernetes.Clientset, name string) {
	ns := &v1.Namespace{
		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: name},
	}
	_, err := clientset.CoreV1().Namespaces().Create(context.Background(), ns, metav1.CreateOptions{})
	if errors.IsAlreadyExists(err) {
		return
	}
	Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
}

func ensurePodCreated(clientset *kubernetes.Clientset, namespace string, pod *v1.Pod) *v1.Pod {
	pod, err := clientset.CoreV1().Pods(namespace).Create(context.Background(), pod, metav1.CreateOptions{})
	ExpectWithOffset(1, err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

	// Immediately try to get the pod, and retry until we do. This prevents race
	// conditions where the API Server has accepted the create, but isn't ready
	// to find the pod on a get. These races can cause the tests to be flaky.
	EventuallyWithOffset(1, func() error {
		_, err := clientset.CoreV1().Pods(namespace).Get(context.Background(), pod.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
		return err
	}, 2*time.Second, 100*time.Millisecond).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
	return pod
}

func ensurePodDeleted(clientset *kubernetes.Clientset, ns string, podName string) {
	// Check if pod exists first.
	_, err := clientset.CoreV1().Pods(ns).Get(context.Background(), podName, metav1.GetOptions{})
	if kerrors.IsNotFound(err) {
		// Pod has been deleted already. Do nothing.
		return
	}
	Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

	// Delete pod immediately.
	fg := metav1.DeletePropagationForeground
	zero := int64(0)
	err = clientset.CoreV1().Pods(ns).Delete(context.Background(),
		podName,
		metav1.DeleteOptions{
			PropagationPolicy:  &fg,
			GracePeriodSeconds: &zero,
		})
	Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

	// Wait for pod to disappear.
	Eventually(func() error {
		_, err := clientset.CoreV1().Pods(ns).Get(context.Background(), podName, metav1.GetOptions{})
		if kerrors.IsNotFound(err) {
			return nil
		}
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		return fmt.Errorf("Pod %s.%s still exists", ns, podName)
	}, "5s", "200ms").Should(BeNil())
}

func ensureNodeDeleted(clientset *kubernetes.Clientset, nodeName string) {
	// Wait for node to disappear.
	Eventually(func() error {
		_, err := clientset.CoreV1().Nodes().Get(context.Background(), nodeName, metav1.GetOptions{})
		if kerrors.IsNotFound(err) {
			return nil
		}
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		// Delete node immediately.
		fg := metav1.DeletePropagationForeground
		zero := int64(0)
		err = clientset.CoreV1().Nodes().Delete(context.Background(),
			nodeName,
			metav1.DeleteOptions{
				PropagationPolicy:  &fg,
				GracePeriodSeconds: &zero,
			})
		if kerrors.IsNotFound(err) {
			// That's what we want.
			return nil
		}
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete node: %w", err)
		}

		return fmt.Errorf("Node %s still exists", nodeName)
	}, "10s", "200ms").Should(BeNil())
}

func getKubernetesClient() *kubernetes.Clientset {
	kubeconfig := os.Getenv("KUBECONFIG")
	config, err := clientcmd.BuildConfigFromFlags("", kubeconfig)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	clientset, err := kubernetes.NewForConfig(config)
	ExpectWithOffset(1, err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
	return clientset
}

var _ = Describe("Kubernetes CNI tests", func() {
	ctx := context.Background()
	calicoClient, err := client.NewFromEnv()
	Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
	k8sClient := getKubernetesClient()

	// Name of the pod used within each test. A new name is generated
	// in BeforeEach to ensure a unique pod name per-test.
	var testPodName, testNodeName string
	hostname, err := names.Hostname()
	Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred(), "Test could not find hostname for test machine")

	BeforeEach(func() {
		testutils.WipeDatastore()

		// Generate a name to use for the test's pod and node.
		testPodName = generateName("test-pod")
		testNodeName = generateName(hostname)

		// Create the node for these tests. The IPAM code requires a corresponding Calico node to exist.
		err = testutils.AddNode(calicoClient, k8sClient, testNodeName)
		Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
	})

	AfterEach(func() {
		// Delete the node.
		err = testutils.DeleteNode(calicoClient, k8sClient, testNodeName)
		Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
	})

	cniVersion := os.Getenv("CNI_SPEC_VERSION")
	Expect(cniVersion).NotTo(BeEmpty())
	Context("using host-local IPAM", func() {
		var netconf string
		BeforeEach(func() {
			netconf = fmt.Sprintf(`
				{
				  "cniVersion": "%s",
				  "name": "net1",
				  "type": "calico",
				  "etcd_endpoints": "http://%s:2379",
				  "datastore_type": "%s",
				  "ipam": {
					"type": "host-local",
					"subnet": "10.0.0.0/8"
				  },
				  "kubernetes": {
					"kubeconfig": "/home/user/certs/kubeconfig"
				  },
				  "policy": {"type": "k8s"},
				  "nodename_file_optional": true,
				  "log_level":"debug",
				  "nodename": "%s"
				}`, cniVersion, os.Getenv("ETCD_IP"), os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE"), testNodeName)
		})

		It("successfully networks the namespace", func() {
			clientset := getKubernetesClient()

			ensureNamespace(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS)

			// Create a K8s pod w/o any special params
			ensurePodCreated(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, &v1.Pod{
				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: testPodName},
				Spec: v1.PodSpec{
					Containers: []v1.Container{{
						Name:  testPodName,
						Image: "ignore",
					}},
					NodeName: testNodeName,
				},
			})
			defer ensurePodDeleted(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, testPodName)

			containerID, result, contVeth, contAddresses, contRoutes, contNs, err := testutils.CreateContainer(netconf, testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, "")
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())

			mac := contVeth.Attrs().HardwareAddr

			Expect(len(result.IPs)).Should(Equal(1))
			ip := result.IPs[0].Address.IP.String()
			result.IPs[0].Address.IP = result.IPs[0].Address.IP.To4() // Make sure the IP is represented as 4 bytes
			Expect(result.IPs[0].Address.Mask.String()).Should(Equal("ffffffff"))

			// datastore things:
			// TODO Make sure the profile doesn't exist

			ids := names.WorkloadEndpointIdentifiers{
				Node:         testNodeName,
				Orchestrator: api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
				Endpoint:     "eth0",
				Pod:          testPodName,
				ContainerID:  containerID,
			}

			wrkload, err := ids.CalculateWorkloadEndpointName(false)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			interfaceName := k8sconversion.NewConverter().VethNameForWorkload(testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, testPodName)

			// The endpoint is created
			endpoints, err := calicoClient.WorkloadEndpoints().List(ctx, options.ListOptions{})
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(endpoints.Items).Should(HaveLen(1))

			if os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE") == "kubernetes" {
				// Unlike etcd datastore, WEP based on a kubernetes pod does not store values for the MAC.
				// Put it back manually for later comparison.
				endpoints.Items[0].Spec.MAC = mac.String()
			}

			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Name).Should(Equal(wrkload))
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Namespace).Should(Equal(testutils.K8S_TEST_NS))
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Labels).Should(Equal(map[string]string{
				"projectcalico.org/namespace":      "test",
				"projectcalico.org/orchestrator":   api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
				"projectcalico.org/serviceaccount": "default",
			}))

			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Spec).Should(Equal(libapi.WorkloadEndpointSpec{
				Pod:                testPodName,
				InterfaceName:      interfaceName,
				IPNetworks:         []string{result.IPs[0].Address.String()},
				ServiceAccountName: "default",
				MAC:                mac.String(),
				Profiles:           []string{"kns.test", "ksa.test.default"},
				Node:               testNodeName,
				Endpoint:           "eth0",
				Workload:           "",
				ContainerID:        containerID,
				Orchestrator:       api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
			}))

			// Routes and interface on host - there's is nothing to assert on the routes since felix adds those.
			// fmt.Println(Cmd("ip link show")) // Useful for debugging
			hostVeth, err := netlink.LinkByName(interfaceName)
			Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(hostVeth.Attrs().Flags.String()).Should(ContainSubstring("up"))
			Expect(hostVeth.Attrs().MTU).Should(Equal(1500))

			// Assert hostVeth sysctl values are set to what we expect for IPv4.
			err = testutils.CheckSysctlValue(fmt.Sprintf("/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/%s/proxy_arp", interfaceName), "1")
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
			err = testutils.CheckSysctlValue(fmt.Sprintf("/proc/sys/net/ipv4/neigh/%s/proxy_delay", interfaceName), "0")
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
			err = testutils.CheckSysctlValue(fmt.Sprintf("/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/%s/forwarding", interfaceName), "1")
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())

			// Assert sysctl values are set for what we would expect for an endpoint.
			err = checkInterfaceConfig(interfaceName, "4")
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())

			// Assert if the host side route is programmed correctly.
			nlHandle, err := netlink.NewHandle(syscall.NETLINK_ROUTE)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
			defer nlHandle.Close()
			hostRoutes, err := netlinkutils.RouteListRetryEINTR(nlHandle, hostVeth, syscall.AF_INET)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(hostRoutes[0]).Should(Equal(netlink.Route{
				LinkIndex: hostVeth.Attrs().Index,
				Scope:     netlink.SCOPE_LINK,
				Dst:       &result.IPs[0].Address,
				Protocol:  syscall.RTPROT_BOOT,
				Table:     syscall.RT_TABLE_MAIN,
				Type:      syscall.RTN_UNICAST,
				Family:    syscall.AF_INET,
			}))

			// Routes and interface in netns
			Expect(contVeth.Attrs().Flags.String()).Should(ContainSubstring("up"))

			// Assume the first IP is the IPv4 address
			Expect(contAddresses[0].IP.String()).Should(Equal(ip))
			Expect(contRoutes).Should(SatisfyAll(
				ContainElement(netlink.Route{
					LinkIndex: contVeth.Attrs().Index,
					Dst:       netlinkDefaultCIDR(),
					Gw:        net.IPv4(169, 254, 1, 1).To4(),
					Protocol:  syscall.RTPROT_BOOT,
					Table:     syscall.RT_TABLE_MAIN,
					Type:      syscall.RTN_UNICAST,
					Family:    syscall.AF_INET,
				}),
				ContainElement(netlink.Route{
					LinkIndex: contVeth.Attrs().Index,
					Scope:     netlink.SCOPE_LINK,
					Dst:       &net.IPNet{IP: net.IPv4(169, 254, 1, 1).To4(), Mask: net.CIDRMask(32, 32)},
					Protocol:  syscall.RTPROT_BOOT,
					Table:     syscall.RT_TABLE_MAIN,
					Type:      syscall.RTN_UNICAST,
					Family:    syscall.AF_INET,
				})))

			// Delete container
			_, err = testutils.DeleteContainer(netconf, contNs.Path(), testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())

			if os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE") != "kubernetes" {
				// Make sure there are no endpoints anymore
				endpoints, err = calicoClient.WorkloadEndpoints().List(ctx, options.ListOptions{})
				Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
				Expect(endpoints.Items).Should(HaveLen(0))
			}

			// Make sure the interface has been removed from the namespace
			targetNs, _ := ns.GetNS(contNs.Path())
			err = targetNs.Do(func(_ ns.NetNS) error {
				_, err = netlink.LinkByName("eth0")
				return err
			})
			Expect(err).Should(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(err.Error()).Should(Equal("Link not found"))

			// Make sure the interface has been removed from the host
			_, err = netlink.LinkByName("cali" + containerID)
			Expect(err).Should(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(err.Error()).Should(Equal("Link not found"))
		})

		Context("when a named port is set", func() {
			It("it is added to the workload endpoint", func() {
				clientset := getKubernetesClient()

				// Create a K8s pod w/o any special params
				ensurePodCreated(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, &v1.Pod{
					ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: testPodName},
					Spec: v1.PodSpec{
						Containers: []v1.Container{{
							Name:  fmt.Sprintf("container-%s", testPodName),
							Image: "ignore",
							Ports: []v1.ContainerPort{{
								Name:          "anamedport",
								ContainerPort: 555,
							}},
						}},
						NodeName: testNodeName,
					},
				})
				defer ensurePodDeleted(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, testPodName)

				containerID, result, contVeth, _, _, contNs, err := testutils.CreateContainer(netconf, testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, "")
				Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())

				mac := contVeth.Attrs().HardwareAddr

				Expect(len(result.IPs)).Should(Equal(1))
				result.IPs[0].Address.IP = result.IPs[0].Address.IP.To4() // Make sure the IP is represented as 4 bytes
				Expect(result.IPs[0].Address.Mask.String()).Should(Equal("ffffffff"))

				// datastore things:
				// TODO Make sure the profile doesn't exist

				ids := names.WorkloadEndpointIdentifiers{
					Node:         testNodeName,
					Orchestrator: api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
					Endpoint:     "eth0",
					Pod:          testPodName,
					ContainerID:  containerID,
				}

				wrkload, err := ids.CalculateWorkloadEndpointName(false)
				interfaceName := k8sconversion.NewConverter().VethNameForWorkload(testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, testPodName)
				Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

				// The endpoint is created
				endpoints, err := calicoClient.WorkloadEndpoints().List(ctx, options.ListOptions{})
				Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
				Expect(endpoints.Items).Should(HaveLen(1))

				if os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE") == "kubernetes" {
					// Unlike etcd datastore, WEP based on a kubernetes pod does not store values for the MAC.
					// Put it back manually for later comparison.
					endpoints.Items[0].Spec.MAC = mac.String()
				}

				Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Name).Should(Equal(wrkload))
				Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Namespace).Should(Equal(testutils.K8S_TEST_NS))
				Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Labels).Should(Equal(map[string]string{
					"projectcalico.org/namespace":      "test",
					"projectcalico.org/orchestrator":   api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
					"projectcalico.org/serviceaccount": "default",
				}))
				Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Spec).Should(Equal(libapi.WorkloadEndpointSpec{
					Pod:                testPodName,
					InterfaceName:      interfaceName,
					IPNetworks:         []string{result.IPs[0].Address.String()},
					MAC:                mac.String(),
					Profiles:           []string{"kns.test", "ksa.test.default"},
					Node:               testNodeName,
					ServiceAccountName: "default",
					Endpoint:           "eth0",
					Workload:           "",
					ContainerID:        containerID,
					Orchestrator:       api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
					Ports: []libapi.WorkloadEndpointPort{{
						Name:     "anamedport",
						Protocol: numorstring.ProtocolFromString("TCP"),
						Port:     555,
					}},
				}))

				// Assert sysctl values are set for what we would expect for an endpoint.
				err = checkInterfaceConfig(interfaceName, "4")
				Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())

				// Delete container
				_, err = testutils.DeleteContainer(netconf, contNs.Path(), testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS)
				Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())

				if os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE") != "kubernetes" {
					// Make sure there are no endpoints anymore
					endpoints, err = calicoClient.WorkloadEndpoints().List(ctx, options.ListOptions{})
					Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
					Expect(endpoints.Items).Should(HaveLen(0))
				}

				// Make sure the interface has been removed from the namespace
				targetNs, _ := ns.GetNS(contNs.Path())
				err = targetNs.Do(func(_ ns.NetNS) error {
					_, err = netlink.LinkByName("eth0")
					return err
				})
				Expect(err).Should(HaveOccurred())
				Expect(err.Error()).Should(Equal("Link not found"))

				// Make sure the interface has been removed from the host
				_, err = netlink.LinkByName("cali" + containerID)
				Expect(err).Should(HaveOccurred())
				Expect(err.Error()).Should(Equal("Link not found"))
			})
		})

		Context("when the same hostVeth exists", func() {
			It("successfully networks the namespace", func() {
				clientset := getKubernetesClient()

				// Create a K8s pod w/o any special params
				ensurePodCreated(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, &v1.Pod{
					ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: testPodName},
					Spec: v1.PodSpec{
						Containers: []v1.Container{{
							Name:  testPodName,
							Image: "ignore",
						}},
						NodeName: testNodeName,
					},
				})
				defer ensurePodDeleted(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, testPodName)

				if err := testutils.CreateHostVeth("", testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, testNodeName); err != nil {
					panic(err)
				}
				_, _, _, _, _, contNs, err := testutils.CreateContainer(netconf, testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, "")
				Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())

				_, err = testutils.DeleteContainer(netconf, contNs.Path(), testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS)
				Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
			})
		})

		Context("when /var/lib/calico/mtu file exists", func() {
			mtuNetconfTemplate := `
			{
			  "cniVersion": "%s",
			  "name": "net1",
			  "type": "calico",
			  "etcd_endpoints": "http://%s:2379",
			  "datastore_type": "%s",
			  "ipam": {
			    "type": "host-local",
			    "subnet": "10.0.0.0/8"
			  },
			  "kubernetes": {
			    "kubeconfig": "/home/user/certs/kubeconfig"
			  },
			  "policy": {"type": "k8s"},
			  "nodename_file_optional": true,
			  "log_level":"debug",
			  "nodename": "%s"
			}`

			It("should create pods with the right MTU", func() {
				clientset := getKubernetesClient()

				// Create the /var/lib/calico/mtu file with MTU 3000

				err = os.MkdirAll("/var/lib/calico", os.ModePerm)
				Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
				err = os.WriteFile("/var/lib/calico/mtu", []byte("3000"), 0644)
				Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
				defer os.Remove("/var/lib/calico/mtu")

				// Create a K8s pod/container
				name1 := fmt.Sprintf("mtutest%d", rand.Uint32())
				mtuNetconf1 := fmt.Sprintf(mtuNetconfTemplate, cniVersion, os.Getenv("ETCD_IP"), os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE"), testNodeName)

				ensurePodCreated(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, &v1.Pod{
					ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: name1},
					Spec: v1.PodSpec{
						Containers: []v1.Container{{
							Name:  name1,
							Image: "ignore",
						}},
						NodeName: testNodeName,
					},
				})
				defer ensurePodDeleted(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, name1)

				// Run CNI plugin, expect MTU to match the value from file.
				_, _, contVeth1, _, _, contNs1, err := testutils.CreateContainer(mtuNetconf1, name1, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, "")
				Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
				Expect(contVeth1.Attrs().MTU).Should(Equal(3000))

				// Cleanup
				_, err = testutils.DeleteContainer(mtuNetconf1, contNs1.Path(), name1, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS)
				Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
			})
		})

		Context("when calico-config contains a custom mtu", func() {
			mtuNetconfTemplate := `
			{
			  "cniVersion": "%s",
			  "name": "net1",
			  "type": "calico",
			  "etcd_endpoints": "http://%s:2379",
			  "datastore_type": "%s",
			  "mtu": %d,
			  "ipam": {
			    "type": "host-local",
			    "subnet": "10.0.0.0/8"
			  },
			  "kubernetes": {
			    "kubeconfig": "/home/user/certs/kubeconfig"
			  },
			  "policy": {"type": "k8s"},
			  "nodename_file_optional": true,
			  "log_level":"debug",
			  "nodename": "%s"
			}`

			It("creates pods with the new mtu", func() {
				clientset := getKubernetesClient()

				// Create a K8s pod/container with non-default MTU
				name1 := fmt.Sprintf("mtutest%d", rand.Uint32())
				mtuNetconf1 := fmt.Sprintf(mtuNetconfTemplate, cniVersion, os.Getenv("ETCD_IP"), os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE"), 3000, testNodeName)

				ensurePodCreated(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, &v1.Pod{
					ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: name1},
					Spec: v1.PodSpec{
						Containers: []v1.Container{{
							Name:  name1,
							Image: "ignore",
						}},
						NodeName: testNodeName,
					},
				})
				defer ensurePodDeleted(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, name1)

				_, _, contVeth1, _, _, contNs1, err := testutils.CreateContainer(mtuNetconf1, name1, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, "")
				Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
				Expect(contVeth1.Attrs().MTU).Should(Equal(3000))

				// Create another K8s pod/container with a different non-default MTU
				name2 := fmt.Sprintf("mtutest2%d", rand.Uint32())
				mtuNetconf2 := fmt.Sprintf(mtuNetconfTemplate, cniVersion, os.Getenv("ETCD_IP"), os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE"), 4000, testNodeName)

				ensurePodCreated(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, &v1.Pod{
					ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: name2},
					Spec: v1.PodSpec{
						Containers: []v1.Container{{
							Name:  name2,
							Image: "ignore",
						}},
						NodeName: testNodeName,
					},
				})
				defer ensurePodDeleted(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, name2)

				_, _, contVeth2, _, _, contNs2, err := testutils.CreateContainer(mtuNetconf2, name2, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, "")
				Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
				Expect(contVeth2.Attrs().MTU).Should(Equal(4000))

				// Cleanup
				_, err = testutils.DeleteContainer(mtuNetconf1, contNs1.Path(), name1, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS)
				Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
				_, err = testutils.DeleteContainer(mtuNetconf2, contNs2.Path(), name2, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS)
				Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
			})
		})

		hostLocalIPAMConfigs := []struct {
			description, cniVersion, config, unexpectedRoute string
			expectedV4Routes, expectedV6Routes               []string
			numIPv4IPs, numIPv6IPs                           int
			nodename                                         string
		}{
			{
				description: "old-style inline subnet",
				cniVersion:  cniVersion,
				config: `
					{
					  "cniVersion": "%s",
					  "name": "net6",
					  "nodename_file_optional": true,
					  "type": "calico",
					  "etcd_endpoints": "http://%s:2379",
					  "datastore_type": "%s",
					  "ipam": {
					    "type": "host-local",
					    "subnet": "usePodCidr"
					  },
					  "kubernetes": {
                                           "kubeconfig": "/home/user/certs/kubeconfig"
					  },
					  "policy": {"type": "k8s"},
					  "log_level":"debug",
					  "nodename": "%s"
					}`,
				expectedV4Routes: []string{
					regexp.QuoteMeta("default via 169.254.1.1 dev eth0"),
					regexp.QuoteMeta("169.254.1.1 dev eth0 scope link"),
				},
				unexpectedRoute: regexp.QuoteMeta("10."),
				numIPv4IPs:      1,
				numIPv6IPs:      0,
				nodename:        generateName(hostname),
			},
			{
				// This scenario tests IPv4+IPv6 without specifying any routes.
				description: "new-style with IPv4 and IPv6 ranges, no routes",
				cniVersion:  "0.3.1",
				config: `
					{
					  "cniVersion": "%s",
					  "name": "net6",
					  "nodename_file_optional": true,
					  "type": "calico",
					  "etcd_endpoints": "http://%s:2379",
					  "datastore_type": "%s",
					  "ipam": {
					    "type": "host-local",
					    "ranges": [
					       [
					         {
					           "subnet": "usePodCidr"
					         }
					       ],
					       [
					         {
					           "subnet": "dead:beef::/96"
					         }
					       ]
					    ]
					  },
					  "kubernetes": {
                                           "kubeconfig": "/home/user/certs/kubeconfig"
					  },
					  "policy": {"type": "k8s"},
					  "log_level":"debug",
					  "nodename": "%s"
					}`,
				expectedV4Routes: []string{
					regexp.QuoteMeta("default via 169.254.1.1 dev eth0"),
					regexp.QuoteMeta("169.254.1.1 dev eth0 scope link"),
				},
				expectedV6Routes: []string{
					"dead:beef::[0-9a-f]* dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 pref medium",
					"fe80::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 pref medium",
					"default via fe80::ecee:eeff:feee:eeee dev eth0 metric 1024",
				},
				unexpectedRoute: regexp.QuoteMeta("10."),
				numIPv4IPs:      1,
				numIPv6IPs:      1,
				nodename:        generateName(hostname),
			},
			{
				// This scenario tests IPv4+IPv6 without specifying any routes.
				description: "new-style with IPv4 and IPv6 both using usePodCidr, no routes",
				cniVersion:  "0.3.1",
				config: `
					{
					  "cniVersion": "%s",
					  "name": "net6",
					  "nodename_file_optional": true,
					  "type": "calico",
					  "etcd_endpoints": "http://%s:2379",
					  "datastore_type": "%s",
					  "ipam": {
					    "type": "host-local",
					    "ranges": [
					       [
					         {
					           "subnet": "usePodCidr"
					         }
					       ],
					       [
					         {
					           "subnet": "usePodCidrIPv6"
					         }
					       ]
					    ]
					  },
					  "kubernetes": {
                                           "kubeconfig": "/home/user/certs/kubeconfig"
					  },
					  "policy": {"type": "k8s"},
					  "log_level":"debug",
					  "nodename": "%s"
					}`,
				expectedV4Routes: []string{
					regexp.QuoteMeta("default via 169.254.1.1 dev eth0"),
					regexp.QuoteMeta("169.254.1.1 dev eth0 scope link"),
				},
				expectedV6Routes: []string{
					"dead:beef::[0-9a-f]* dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 pref medium",
					"fe80::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 pref medium",
					"default via fe80::ecee:eeff:feee:eeee dev eth0 metric 1024",
				},
				unexpectedRoute: regexp.QuoteMeta("10."),
				numIPv4IPs:      1,
				numIPv6IPs:      1,
				nodename:        generateName(hostname),
			},
			{
				// In this scenario, we use a lot more of the host-local IPAM plugin.  Namely:
				// - we use multiple ranges, one of which is IPv6, the other uses the podCIDR
				// - we add custom routes, which override our default 0/0 and ::/0 routes.
				// This configuration is only supported for CNI version >= 0.3.0 since we assign multiple
				// addresses per family.
				description: "new-style with IPv4 and IPv6 ranges and routes",
				cniVersion:  "0.3.1",
				config: `
					{
					  "cniVersion": "%s",
					  "name": "net6",
					  "nodename_file_optional": true,
					  "type": "calico",
					  "etcd_endpoints": "http://%s:2379",
					  "datastore_type": "%s",
					  "ipam": {
					    "type": "host-local",
					    "ranges": [
					       [
					         {
					           "subnet": "usePodCidr"
					         }
					       ],
					       [
					         {
					             "subnet": "10.100.0.0/24"
					         }
					       ],
					       [
					         {
					          "subnet": "dead:beef::/96"
					         }
					       ]
					    ],
					    "routes": [
					      {"dst": "10.123.0.0/16", "gw": "10.123.0.1"},
					      {"dst": "10.124.0.0/16"},
					      {"dst": "dead:beef::/96"}
					    ]
					  },
					  "kubernetes": {
                                           "kubeconfig": "/home/user/certs/kubeconfig"
					  },
					  "policy": {"type": "k8s"},
					  "log_level":"debug",
					  "nodename": "%s"
					}`,
				expectedV4Routes: []string{
					regexp.QuoteMeta("10.123.0.0/16 via 169.254.1.1 dev eth0"),
					regexp.QuoteMeta("10.124.0.0/16 via 169.254.1.1 dev eth0"),
					regexp.QuoteMeta("169.254.1.1 dev eth0 scope link"),
				},
				expectedV6Routes: []string{
					"dead:beef::. dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 pref medium",
					"dead:beef::/96 via fe80::ecee:eeff:feee:eeee dev eth0 metric 1024",
					"fe80::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 pref medium",
				},
				unexpectedRoute: "default",
				numIPv4IPs:      2,
				numIPv6IPs:      1,
				nodename:        generateName(hostname),
			},
			{
				// In this scenario, we use a lot more of the host-local IPAM plugin.  Namely:
				// - we use multiple ranges, one of which is IPv6, the other uses the podCIDR
				// - we add custom routes, but configure the plugin to also include our default routes.
				description: "new-style with IPv4 and IPv6 ranges and routes and Calico default routes",
				cniVersion:  "0.3.1",
				config: `
					{
					  "cniVersion": "%s",
					  "name": "net6",
					  "nodename_file_optional": true,
					  "type": "calico",
					  "etcd_endpoints": "http://%s:2379",
					  "include_default_routes": true,
					  "datastore_type": "%s",
					  "ipam": {
					    "type": "host-local",
					    "ranges": [
					       [
					           {
					             "subnet": "usePodCidr"
					           }
					       ],
					       [
					           {
					               "subnet": "10.100.0.0/24"
					           }
					       ],
					       [
					          {
					            "subnet": "dead:beef::/96"
					          }
					       ]
					    ],
					    "routes": [
					      {"dst": "10.123.0.0/16", "gw": "10.123.0.1"},
					      {"dst": "10.124.0.0/16"},
					      {"dst": "dead:beef::/96"}
					    ]
					  },
					  "kubernetes": {
                                           "kubeconfig": "/home/user/certs/kubeconfig"
					  },
					  "policy": {"type": "k8s"},
					  "log_level":"debug",
					  "nodename": "%s"
					}`,
				expectedV4Routes: []string{
					regexp.QuoteMeta("default via 169.254.1.1 dev eth0"),
					regexp.QuoteMeta("10.123.0.0/16 via 169.254.1.1 dev eth0"),
					regexp.QuoteMeta("10.124.0.0/16 via 169.254.1.1 dev eth0"),
					regexp.QuoteMeta("169.254.1.1 dev eth0 scope link"),
				},
				expectedV6Routes: []string{
					"dead:beef::. dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 pref medium",
					"dead:beef::/96 via fe80::ecee:eeff:feee:eeee dev eth0 metric 1024",
					"fe80::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 pref medium",
				},
				numIPv4IPs: 2,
				numIPv6IPs: 1,
				nodename:   generateName(hostname),
			},
		}

		// Run tests with PodCIDR
		for _, c := range hostLocalIPAMConfigs {
			c := c // Make sure we get a fresh variable on each loop.
			// The dual-stack requires PodCIDRs
			if strings.Contains(c.config, "usePodCidrIPv6") {
				continue
			}
			Context("Using host-local IPAM with one PodCIDR ("+c.description+"): request an IP then release it, and then request it again", func() {
				It("should successfully assign IP both times and successfully release it in the middle", func() {
					netconfHostLocalIPAM := fmt.Sprintf(c.config, c.cniVersion, os.Getenv("ETCD_IP"), os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE"), c.nodename)

					clientset := getKubernetesClient()

					ensureNamespace(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS)

					ensureNodeDeleted(clientset, c.nodename)

					// Create a K8s Node object with PodCIDR and name equal to hostname.
					_, err = clientset.CoreV1().Nodes().Create(context.Background(), &v1.Node{
						ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: c.nodename},
						Spec: v1.NodeSpec{
							PodCIDR: "10.0.0.0/24",
						},
					}, metav1.CreateOptions{})
					Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
					defer ensureNodeDeleted(clientset, c.nodename)

					By("Creating a pod with a specific IP address")
					ensurePodCreated(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, &v1.Pod{
						ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: testPodName},
						Spec: v1.PodSpec{
							Containers: []v1.Container{{
								Name:  testPodName,
								Image: "ignore",
							}},
							NodeName: c.nodename,
						},
					})
					defer ensurePodDeleted(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, testPodName)

					requestedIP := "10.0.0.42"
					expectedIP := net.IPv4(10, 0, 0, 42).To4()

					_, _, _, contAddresses, _, contNs, err := testutils.CreateContainer(netconfHostLocalIPAM, testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, requestedIP)
					Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

					podIP := contAddresses[0].IP
					Expect(podIP).Should(Equal(expectedIP))

					By("Deleting the pod we created earlier")
					_, err = testutils.DeleteContainer(netconfHostLocalIPAM, contNs.Path(), testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS)
					Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())

					By("Creating a second pod with the same IP address as the first pod")
					name2 := fmt.Sprintf("run2%d", rand.Uint32())
					ensurePodCreated(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, &v1.Pod{
						ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: name2},
						Spec: v1.PodSpec{
							Containers: []v1.Container{{
								Name:  fmt.Sprintf("container-%s", name2),
								Image: "ignore",
							}},
							NodeName: c.nodename,
						},
					})
					defer ensurePodDeleted(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, name2)

					_, _, _, contAddresses, _, contNs, err = testutils.CreateContainer(netconfHostLocalIPAM, name2, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, requestedIP)
					Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

					pod2IP := contAddresses[0].IP
					Expect(pod2IP).Should(Equal(expectedIP))

					err = contNs.Do(func(_ ns.NetNS) error {
						defer GinkgoRecover()
						out, err := exec.Command("ip", "route", "show").Output()
						Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
						for _, r := range c.expectedV4Routes {
							Expect(string(out)).To(MatchRegexp(r))
						}

						if c.unexpectedRoute != "" {
							Expect(string(out)).NotTo(ContainSubstring(c.unexpectedRoute))
						}

						out, err = exec.Command("ip", "-6", "route", "show").Output()
						Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
						for _, r := range c.expectedV6Routes {
							Expect(string(out)).To(MatchRegexp(r))
						}

						if c.numIPv6IPs > 0 {
							err := testutils.CheckSysctlValue("/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/eth0/accept_dad", "0")
							Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
						}

						out, err = exec.Command("ip", "addr", "show").Output()
						Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
						inet := regexp.MustCompile(` {4}inet .*scope global`)
						Expect(inet.FindAll(out, -1)).To(HaveLen(c.numIPv4IPs))
						inetv6 := regexp.MustCompile(` {4}inet6 .*scope global`)
						Expect(inetv6.FindAll(out, -1)).To(HaveLen(c.numIPv6IPs))
						Expect(out).NotTo(ContainSubstring("scope global tentative"),
							"Some IPv6 addresses marked as tentative; disabling DAD must have failed.")

						return nil
					})
					Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())

					_, err = testutils.DeleteContainer(netconfHostLocalIPAM, contNs.Path(), name2, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS)
					Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
				})
			})
		}

		// Run tests with PodCIDRs defining a dual-stack deployment
		for _, c := range hostLocalIPAMConfigs {
			c := c // Make sure we get a fresh variable on each loop.
			Context("Using host-local IPAM with two PodCIDRs ("+c.description+"): request an IP then release it, and then request it again", func() {
				It("should successfully assign IP both times and successfully release it in the middle", func() {
					netconfHostLocalIPAM := fmt.Sprintf(c.config, c.cniVersion, os.Getenv("ETCD_IP"), os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE"), c.nodename)

					clientset := getKubernetesClient()

					ensureNamespace(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS)

					ensureNodeDeleted(clientset, c.nodename)

					// Create a K8s Node object with PodCIDR and name equal to hostname.
					_, err = clientset.CoreV1().Nodes().Create(context.Background(), &v1.Node{
						ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: c.nodename},
						Spec: v1.NodeSpec{
							PodCIDRs: []string{"10.10.0.0/24", "dead:beef::/96"},
						},
					}, metav1.CreateOptions{})
					Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
					defer ensureNodeDeleted(clientset, c.nodename)

					By("Creating a pod with a specific IP address")
					ensurePodCreated(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, &v1.Pod{
						ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: testPodName},
						Spec: v1.PodSpec{
							Containers: []v1.Container{{
								Name:  testPodName,
								Image: "ignore",
							}},
							NodeName: c.nodename,
						},
					})
					defer ensurePodDeleted(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, testPodName)

					requestedIP := "10.10.0.42"
					expectedIP := net.IPv4(10, 10, 0, 42).To4()

					_, _, _, contAddresses, _, contNs, err := testutils.CreateContainer(netconfHostLocalIPAM, testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, requestedIP)
					Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

					podIP := contAddresses[0].IP
					Expect(podIP).Should(Equal(expectedIP))

					By("Deleting the pod we created earlier")
					_, err = testutils.DeleteContainer(netconfHostLocalIPAM, contNs.Path(), testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS)
					Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())

					By("Creating a second pod with the same IP address as the first pod")
					name2 := fmt.Sprintf("run2%d", rand.Uint32())
					ensurePodCreated(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, &v1.Pod{
						ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: name2},
						Spec: v1.PodSpec{
							Containers: []v1.Container{{
								Name:  fmt.Sprintf("container-%s", name2),
								Image: "ignore",
							}},
							NodeName: c.nodename,
						},
					})
					defer ensurePodDeleted(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, name2)

					_, _, _, contAddresses, _, contNs, err = testutils.CreateContainer(netconfHostLocalIPAM, name2, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, requestedIP)
					Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

					pod2IP := contAddresses[0].IP
					Expect(pod2IP).Should(Equal(expectedIP))

					err = contNs.Do(func(_ ns.NetNS) error {
						defer GinkgoRecover()
						out, err := exec.Command("ip", "route", "show").Output()
						Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
						for _, r := range c.expectedV4Routes {
							Expect(string(out)).To(MatchRegexp(r))
						}

						if c.unexpectedRoute != "" {
							Expect(string(out)).NotTo(ContainSubstring(c.unexpectedRoute))
						}

						out, err = exec.Command("ip", "-6", "route", "show").Output()
						Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
						for _, r := range c.expectedV6Routes {
							Expect(string(out)).To(MatchRegexp(r))
						}

						if c.numIPv6IPs > 0 {
							err := testutils.CheckSysctlValue("/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/eth0/accept_dad", "0")
							Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
						}

						out, err = exec.Command("ip", "addr", "show").Output()
						Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
						inet := regexp.MustCompile(` {4}inet .*scope global`)
						Expect(inet.FindAll(out, -1)).To(HaveLen(c.numIPv4IPs))
						inetv6 := regexp.MustCompile(` {4}inet6 .*scope global`)
						Expect(inetv6.FindAll(out, -1)).To(HaveLen(c.numIPv6IPs))
						Expect(out).NotTo(ContainSubstring("scope global tentative"),
							"Some IPv6 addresses marked as tentative; disabling DAD must have failed.")

						return nil
					})
					Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())

					_, err = testutils.DeleteContainer(netconfHostLocalIPAM, contNs.Path(), name2, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS)
					Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
				})
			})
		}
	})

	Context("using calico-ipam with a Namespace annotation only", func() {
		var nc types.NetConf
		var netconf string
		var pool1CIDR, pool2CIDR *net.IPNet
		pool1 := "50.60.0.0/28"
		pool2 := "60.70.0.0/28"
		numAddrsInPool := 16
		var clientset *kubernetes.Clientset
		var testNS string

		BeforeEach(func() {
			// Build the network config for this set of tests.
			nc = types.NetConf{
				CNIVersion:           cniVersion,
				Name:                 "calico-uts",
				Type:                 "calico",
				EtcdEndpoints:        fmt.Sprintf("http://%s:2379", os.Getenv("ETCD_IP")),
				DatastoreType:        os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE"),
				Kubernetes:           types.Kubernetes{Kubeconfig: "/home/user/certs/kubeconfig"},
				Policy:               types.Policy{PolicyType: "k8s"},
				NodenameFileOptional: true,
				LogLevel:             "debug",
				Nodename:             testNodeName,
			}
			nc.IPAM.Type = "calico-ipam"
			ncb, err := json.Marshal(nc)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
			netconf = string(ncb)

			// Create IP Pools.
			testutils.MustCreateNewIPPoolBlockSize(calicoClient, pool1, false, false, true, 29)
			_, pool1CIDR, err = net.ParseCIDR(pool1)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			testutils.MustCreateNewIPPoolBlockSize(calicoClient, pool2, false, false, true, 29)
			_, pool2CIDR, err = net.ParseCIDR(pool2)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			// Create client set.
			clientset = getKubernetesClient()
		})

		AfterEach(func() {
			// Delete pod
			ensurePodDeleted(clientset, testNS, testPodName)

			// Delete the IP Pools.
			testutils.MustDeleteIPPool(calicoClient, pool1)
			testutils.MustDeleteIPPool(calicoClient, pool2)
		})

		It("successfully assigns an IP address from an IP Pool specified on a Namespace", func() {
			// Create the Namespace.
			testNS = fmt.Sprintf("run%d", rand.Uint32())
			_, err = clientset.CoreV1().Namespaces().Create(context.Background(), &v1.Namespace{
				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
					Name: testNS,
					Annotations: map[string]string{
						"cni.projectcalico.org/ipv4pools": "[\"50.60.0.0/28\"]",
					},
				},
			}, metav1.CreateOptions{})
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			// Now create a K8s pod.
			ensurePodCreated(clientset, testNS, &v1.Pod{
				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
					Name:        testPodName,
					Annotations: map[string]string{},
				},
				Spec: v1.PodSpec{
					Containers: []v1.Container{{
						Name:  testPodName,
						Image: "ignore",
					}},
					NodeName: testNodeName,
				},
			})

			_, _, _, contAddresses, _, contNs, err := testutils.CreateContainer(netconf, testPodName, testNS, "")
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			podIP := contAddresses[0].IP
			Expect(pool1CIDR.Contains(podIP)).To(BeTrue())

			// Delete the container.
			_, err = testutils.DeleteContainer(netconf, contNs.Path(), testPodName, testNS)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
		})

		It("should fail to assign from an IP pool that doesn't exist", func() {
			// Create the Namespace.
			testNS = fmt.Sprintf("run%d", rand.Uint32())
			_, err = clientset.CoreV1().Namespaces().Create(context.Background(), &v1.Namespace{
				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
					Name: testNS,
					Annotations: map[string]string{
						"cni.projectcalico.org/ipv4pools": "[\"100.0.0.0/16\"]",
					},
				},
			}, metav1.CreateOptions{})
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			// Now create a K8s pod.
			ensurePodCreated(clientset, testNS, &v1.Pod{
				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
					Name:        testPodName,
					Annotations: map[string]string{},
				},
				Spec: v1.PodSpec{
					Containers: []v1.Container{{
						Name:  testPodName,
						Image: "ignore",
					}},
					NodeName: testNodeName,
				},
			})

			// Expect an error when invoking the CNI plugin.
			_, _, _, _, _, contNs, err := testutils.CreateContainer(netconf, testPodName, testNS, "")
			Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())

			// Delete the container.
			_, err = testutils.DeleteContainer(netconf, contNs.Path(), testPodName, testNS)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
		})

		It("should fail to assign an IP when the provided IP Pool is full", func() {
			// Create the Namespace.
			testNS = fmt.Sprintf("run%d", rand.Uint32())
			_, err = clientset.CoreV1().Namespaces().Create(context.Background(), &v1.Namespace{
				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
					Name: testNS,
					Annotations: map[string]string{
						"cni.projectcalico.org/ipv4pools": "[\"50.60.0.0/28\"]",
					},
				},
			}, metav1.CreateOptions{})
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			// Now create a K8s pod.
			ensurePodCreated(clientset, testNS, &v1.Pod{
				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
					Name:        testPodName,
					Annotations: map[string]string{},
				},
				Spec: v1.PodSpec{
					Containers: []v1.Container{{
						Name:  testPodName,
						Image: "ignore",
					}},
					NodeName: testNodeName,
				},
			})

			// Allocate all the addresses in the IP pool.
			handle := "test-handle"
			v4ia, _, err := calicoClient.IPAM().AutoAssign(
				context.Background(),
				ipam.AutoAssignArgs{
					Num4:        numAddrsInPool,
					HandleID:    &handle,
					IPv4Pools:   []cnet.IPNet{{IPNet: *pool1CIDR}},
					IntendedUse: api.IPPoolAllowedUseWorkload,
					Hostname:    testNodeName,
				},
			)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(v4ia).ToNot(BeNil())
			Expect(len(v4ia.IPs)).To(Equal(numAddrsInPool))

			// Expect an error when invoking the CNI plugin.
			_, _, _, _, _, contNs, err := testutils.CreateContainer(netconf, testPodName, testNS, "")
			Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())

			// Delete the container.
			_, err = testutils.DeleteContainer(netconf, contNs.Path(), testPodName, testNS)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())

			// Release all the IPs assigned above.
			err = calicoClient.IPAM().ReleaseByHandle(context.Background(), handle)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
		})

		It("should assign an IP from the second pool when the first IP Pool is full", func() {
			// Create the Namespace.
			testNS = fmt.Sprintf("run%d", rand.Uint32())
			_, err = clientset.CoreV1().Namespaces().Create(context.Background(), &v1.Namespace{
				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
					Name: testNS,
					Annotations: map[string]string{
						"cni.projectcalico.org/ipv4pools": "[\"50.60.0.0/28\", \"60.70.0.0/28\"]",
					},
				},
			}, metav1.CreateOptions{})
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			// Now create a K8s pod.
			ensurePodCreated(clientset, testNS, &v1.Pod{
				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
					Name:        testPodName,
					Annotations: map[string]string{},
				},
				Spec: v1.PodSpec{
					Containers: []v1.Container{{
						Name:  testPodName,
						Image: "ignore",
					}},
					NodeName: testNodeName,
				},
			})

			// Allocate all the addresses in the first IP pool.
			handle := "test-handle"
			v4ia, _, err := calicoClient.IPAM().AutoAssign(
				context.Background(),
				ipam.AutoAssignArgs{
					Num4:        numAddrsInPool,
					HandleID:    &handle,
					IPv4Pools:   []cnet.IPNet{{IPNet: *pool1CIDR}},
					IntendedUse: api.IPPoolAllowedUseWorkload,
					Hostname:    testNodeName,
				},
			)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(v4ia).ToNot(BeNil())
			Expect(len(v4ia.IPs)).To(Equal(numAddrsInPool))

			// Invoke the CNI plugin.
			_, r, _, _, _, contNs, err := testutils.CreateContainer(netconf, testPodName, testNS, "")
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			// Expect the assigned IP address in the second IP pool.
			Expect(len(r.IPs)).To(Equal(1))
			Expect(pool2CIDR.Contains(r.IPs[0].Address.IP)).To(BeTrue(), "IP assigned from wrong pool")

			// Delete the container.
			_, err = testutils.DeleteContainer(netconf, contNs.Path(), testPodName, testNS)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())

			// Release all the IPs assigned above.
			err = calicoClient.IPAM().ReleaseByHandle(context.Background(), handle)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
		})
	})

	Context("using calico-ipam with Namespace annotation and pod annotation", func() {
		var nc types.NetConf
		var netconf string
		var ipPoolCIDR *net.IPNet
		pool1 := "50.70.0.0/16"
		var clientset *kubernetes.Clientset
		var testNS string

		BeforeEach(func() {
			// Build the network config for this set of tests.
			nc = types.NetConf{
				CNIVersion:           cniVersion,
				Name:                 "calico-uts",
				Type:                 "calico",
				EtcdEndpoints:        fmt.Sprintf("http://%s:2379", os.Getenv("ETCD_IP")),
				DatastoreType:        os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE"),
				Kubernetes:           types.Kubernetes{Kubeconfig: "/home/user/certs/kubeconfig"},
				Policy:               types.Policy{PolicyType: "k8s"},
				NodenameFileOptional: true,
				LogLevel:             "debug",
				Nodename:             testNodeName,
			}
			nc.IPAM.Type = "calico-ipam"
			ncb, err := json.Marshal(nc)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
			netconf = string(ncb)

			// Create a new IP Pool.
			testutils.MustCreateNewIPPool(calicoClient, pool1, false, false, true)
			_, ipPoolCIDR, err = net.ParseCIDR(pool1)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			// Create clients.
			clientset = getKubernetesClient()
		})

		AfterEach(func() {
			// Delete pod
			ensurePodDeleted(clientset, testNS, testPodName)

			// Delete the IP Pool.
			testutils.MustDeleteIPPool(calicoClient, pool1)
		})

		It("should prefer pod annotations to namespace annotations if both are present", func() {
			// Create the Namespace.
			testNS = fmt.Sprintf("run%d", rand.Uint32())
			_, err = clientset.CoreV1().Namespaces().Create(context.Background(), &v1.Namespace{
				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
					Name: testNS,
					Annotations: map[string]string{
						"cni.projectcalico.org/ipv4pools": "[\"50.55.0.0/16\"]",
					},
				},
			}, metav1.CreateOptions{})
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			// Now create a K8s pod passing in an IP pool.
			ensurePodCreated(clientset, testNS, &v1.Pod{
				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
					Name: testPodName,
					Annotations: map[string]string{
						"cni.projectcalico.org/ipv4pools": "[\"50.70.0.0/16\"]",
					},
				},
				Spec: v1.PodSpec{
					Containers: []v1.Container{{
						Name:  testPodName,
						Image: "ignore",
					}},
					NodeName: testNodeName,
				},
			})

			// Run the CNI plugin.
			_, _, _, contAddresses, _, contNs, err := testutils.CreateContainer(netconf, testPodName, testNS, "")
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			podIP := contAddresses[0].IP
			Expect(ipPoolCIDR.Contains(podIP)).To(BeTrue())

			// Delete the container.
			_, err = testutils.DeleteContainer(netconf, contNs.Path(), testPodName, testNS)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
		})
	})

	Context("using calico-ipam specifying IP pools via pod annotation", func() {
		var nc types.NetConf
		var netconf string
		pool1 := "172.16.0.0/16"
		pool2 := "172.17.0.0/16"
		var pool1CIDR, pool2CIDR *net.IPNet
		var pool2Name string
		var clientset *kubernetes.Clientset
		BeforeEach(func() {
			// Build the network config for this set of tests.
			nc = types.NetConf{
				CNIVersion:           cniVersion,
				Name:                 "calico-uts",
				Type:                 "calico",
				EtcdEndpoints:        fmt.Sprintf("http://%s:2379", os.Getenv("ETCD_IP")),
				DatastoreType:        os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE"),
				Kubernetes:           types.Kubernetes{Kubeconfig: "/home/user/certs/kubeconfig"},
				Policy:               types.Policy{PolicyType: "k8s"},
				NodenameFileOptional: true,
				LogLevel:             "debug",
				Nodename:             testNodeName,
			}
			nc.IPAM.Type = "calico-ipam"
			ncb, err := json.Marshal(nc)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
			netconf = string(ncb)

			// Create two IP pools.
			testutils.MustCreateNewIPPool(calicoClient, pool1, false, false, true)
			_, pool1CIDR, err = net.ParseCIDR(pool1)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
			pool2Name = testutils.MustCreateNewIPPool(calicoClient, pool2, false, false, true)
			_, pool2CIDR, err = net.ParseCIDR(pool2)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			// Create a kubernetes clientset.
			clientset = getKubernetesClient()

			// Ensure a namespace exists.
			ensureNamespace(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS)
		})

		AfterEach(func() {
			// Delete pod
			ensurePodDeleted(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, testPodName)

			// Delete the IP Pools.
			testutils.MustDeleteIPPool(calicoClient, pool1)
			testutils.MustDeleteIPPool(calicoClient, pool2)
		})

		It("successfully assigns an IP address from the annotated IP Pool (by cidr)", func() {
			// Create a K8s pod passing in an IP pool.
			ensurePodCreated(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, &v1.Pod{
				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
					Name: testPodName,
					Annotations: map[string]string{
						"cni.projectcalico.org/ipv4pools": "[\"172.16.0.0/16\"]",
					},
				},
				Spec: v1.PodSpec{
					Containers: []v1.Container{{
						Name:  testPodName,
						Image: "ignore",
					}},
					NodeName: testNodeName,
				},
			})

			_, _, _, contAddresses, _, contNs, err := testutils.CreateContainer(netconf, testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, "")
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			podIP := contAddresses[0].IP
			Expect(pool1CIDR.Contains(podIP)).To(BeTrue())

			// Delete the container.
			_, err = testutils.DeleteContainer(netconf, contNs.Path(), testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
		})

		It("successfully assigns an IP address from the annotated IP Pool (by name)", func() {
			// Create a K8s pod passing in an IP pool.
			ensurePodCreated(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, &v1.Pod{
				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
					Name: testPodName,
					Annotations: map[string]string{
						"cni.projectcalico.org/ipv4pools": fmt.Sprintf("[\"%s\"]", pool2Name),
					},
				},
				Spec: v1.PodSpec{
					Containers: []v1.Container{{
						Name:  testPodName,
						Image: "ignore",
					}},
					NodeName: testNodeName,
				},
			})

			_, _, _, contAddresses, _, contNs, err := testutils.CreateContainer(netconf, testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, "")
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			podIP := contAddresses[0].IP
			Expect(pool2CIDR.Contains(podIP)).To(BeTrue())

			// Delete the container.
			_, err = testutils.DeleteContainer(netconf, contNs.Path(), testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
		})
	})

	Context("using source IP spoofing annotation", func() {
		var netconf types.NetConf
		var clientset *kubernetes.Clientset

		BeforeEach(func() {
			netconf = types.NetConf{
				CNIVersion:           cniVersion,
				Name:                 "calico-network-name",
				Type:                 "calico",
				EtcdEndpoints:        fmt.Sprintf("http://%s:2379", os.Getenv("ETCD_IP")),
				DatastoreType:        os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE"),
				Kubernetes:           types.Kubernetes{Kubeconfig: "/home/user/certs/kubeconfig"},
				Policy:               types.Policy{PolicyType: "k8s"},
				NodenameFileOptional: true,
				LogLevel:             "debug",
				Nodename:             testNodeName,
			}
			netconf.IPAM.Type = "calico-ipam"

			// Create a new ipPool.
			ipPool := "172.16.0.0/16"
			testutils.MustCreateNewIPPool(calicoClient, ipPool, false, false, true)
			_, _, err := net.ParseCIDR(ipPool)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			// Build kubernetes clients.
			clientset = getKubernetesClient()

			// Now create a K8s pod passing in allowedSourcePrefixes.
			ensureNamespace(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS)
			ensurePodCreated(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, &v1.Pod{
				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
					Name: testPodName,
					Annotations: map[string]string{
						"cni.projectcalico.org/allowedSourcePrefixes": "[\"8.8.8.8/32\",\"1.1.1.0/24\"]",
					},
				},
				Spec: v1.PodSpec{
					Containers: []v1.Container{{
						Name:  testPodName,
						Image: "ignore",
					}},
					NodeName: testNodeName,
				},
			})
		})

		AfterEach(func() {
			// Delete pod
			ensurePodDeleted(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, testPodName)

			// Delete IPPools.
			ipPool := "172.16.0.0/16"
			testutils.MustDeleteIPPool(calicoClient, ipPool)
		})

		It("should look at the source spoofing disabling annotation", func() {
			// Resolve the config struct.
			confBytes, err := json.Marshal(netconf)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			// Invoke the CNI plugin
			_, _, _, _, _, contNs, err := testutils.CreateContainer(string(confBytes), testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, "")
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			// Assert that the endpoint is created
			endpoints, err := calicoClient.WorkloadEndpoints().List(ctx, options.ListOptions{})
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(endpoints.Items).Should(HaveLen(1))

			// Assert that the endpoint contains the appropriate allowedSourcePrefixes
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Spec.AllowSpoofedSourcePrefixes).To(ConsistOf([]string{"1.1.1.0/24", "8.8.8.8/32"}))

			// Delete the container.
			_, err = testutils.DeleteContainer(string(confBytes), contNs.Path(), testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
		})
	})

	Context("using floatingIPs annotation to assign a DNAT", func() {
		var netconf types.NetConf
		var clientset *kubernetes.Clientset

		BeforeEach(func() {
			netconf = types.NetConf{
				CNIVersion:           cniVersion,
				Name:                 "calico-network-name",
				Type:                 "calico",
				EtcdEndpoints:        fmt.Sprintf("http://%s:2379", os.Getenv("ETCD_IP")),
				DatastoreType:        os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE"),
				Kubernetes:           types.Kubernetes{Kubeconfig: "/home/user/certs/kubeconfig"},
				Policy:               types.Policy{PolicyType: "k8s"},
				NodenameFileOptional: true,
				LogLevel:             "debug",
				FeatureControl:       types.FeatureControl{FloatingIPs: true},
				Nodename:             testNodeName,
			}
			netconf.IPAM.Type = "calico-ipam"

			// Create an IP pool for the pod IP as well as a floating IP range.
			for _, ipPool := range []string{"172.16.0.0/16", "1.1.1.0/24"} {
				testutils.MustCreateNewIPPool(calicoClient, ipPool, false, false, true)
				_, _, err := net.ParseCIDR(ipPool)
				Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
			}

			// Build kubernetes clients.
			clientset = getKubernetesClient()

			// Now create a K8s pod passing in a floating IP.
			ensureNamespace(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS)
			ensurePodCreated(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, &v1.Pod{
				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
					Name: testPodName,
					Annotations: map[string]string{
						"cni.projectcalico.org/floatingIPs": "[\"1.1.1.1\"]",
					},
				},
				Spec: v1.PodSpec{
					Containers: []v1.Container{{
						Name:  testPodName,
						Image: "ignore",
					}},
					NodeName: testNodeName,
				},
			})
		})

		AfterEach(func() {
			// Delete pod
			ensurePodDeleted(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, testPodName)

			// Delete IPPools.
			for _, ipPool := range []string{"172.16.0.0/16", "1.1.1.0/24"} {
				testutils.MustDeleteIPPool(calicoClient, ipPool)
			}
		})

		It("successfully assigns a DNAT IP address from the annotated floatingIP", func() {
			// Resolve the config struct.
			confBytes, err := json.Marshal(netconf)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			// Invoke the CNI plugin
			_, _, _, contAddresses, _, contNs, err := testutils.CreateContainer(string(confBytes), testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, "")
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			// Assert that the endpoint is created
			endpoints, err := calicoClient.WorkloadEndpoints().List(ctx, options.ListOptions{})
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(endpoints.Items).Should(HaveLen(1))

			// Assert that the endpoint contains the appropriate DNAT
			podIP := contAddresses[0].IP
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Spec.IPNATs).Should(HaveLen(1))
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Spec.IPNATs).Should(Equal([]libapi.IPNAT{{InternalIP: podIP.String(), ExternalIP: "1.1.1.1"}}))

			// Delete the container.
			_, err = testutils.DeleteContainer(string(confBytes), contNs.Path(), testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
		})

		It("fails when the floating_ip feature is not enabled", func() {
			// Resolve the config struct, disabling the feature.
			netconf.FeatureControl.FloatingIPs = false
			confBytes, err := json.Marshal(netconf)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			// Invoke the CNI plugin, expect it to fail.
			_, _, _, _, _, contNs, err := testutils.CreateContainer(string(confBytes), testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, "")
			Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())

			if os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE") != "kubernetes" {
				// No WEP should be created with an etcd datastore.
				endpoints, err := calicoClient.WorkloadEndpoints().List(ctx, options.ListOptions{})
				Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
				Expect(endpoints.Items).Should(HaveLen(0))
			}

			// Delete the container.
			_, err = testutils.DeleteContainer(string(confBytes), contNs.Path(), testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
		})
	})

	Context("using ipAddrsNoIpam annotation to assign IP address to a pod, bypassing IPAM", func() {
		var clientset *kubernetes.Clientset
		var netconf string
		var nc types.NetConf

		BeforeEach(func() {
			// Set up clients.
			clientset = getKubernetesClient()

			// Create a network config.
			nc = types.NetConf{
				CNIVersion:           cniVersion,
				Name:                 "calico-uts",
				Type:                 "calico",
				EtcdEndpoints:        fmt.Sprintf("http://%s:2379", os.Getenv("ETCD_IP")),
				DatastoreType:        os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE"),
				Kubernetes:           types.Kubernetes{Kubeconfig: "/home/user/certs/kubeconfig"},
				Policy:               types.Policy{PolicyType: "k8s"},
				NodenameFileOptional: true,
				LogLevel:             "debug",
				FeatureControl:       types.FeatureControl{IPAddrsNoIpam: true},
				Nodename:             testNodeName,
			}
			nc.IPAM.Type = "calico-ipam"
			Expect(nc.CNIVersion).NotTo(BeEmpty())
			ncb, err := json.Marshal(nc)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
			netconf = string(ncb)
		})

		AfterEach(func() {
			// Delete pod
			ensurePodDeleted(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, testPodName)
		})

		It("should successfully assigns the annotated IP address", func() {
			assignIP := net.IPv4(10, 0, 0, 1).To4()

			// Now create a K8s pod passing in an IP address.
			ensurePodCreated(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, &v1.Pod{
				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
					Name: testPodName,
					Annotations: map[string]string{
						"cni.projectcalico.org/ipAddrsNoIpam": "[\"10.0.0.1\"]",
					},
				},
				Spec: v1.PodSpec{
					Containers: []v1.Container{{
						Name:  testPodName,
						Image: "ignore",
					}},
					NodeName: testNodeName,
				},
			})

			containerID, _, contVeth, contAddresses, _, contNs, err := testutils.CreateContainer(netconf, testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, "")
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
			mac := contVeth.Attrs().HardwareAddr

			podIP := contAddresses[0].IP
			Expect(podIP).Should(Equal(assignIP))

			ids := names.WorkloadEndpointIdentifiers{
				Node:         testNodeName,
				Orchestrator: api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
				Endpoint:     "eth0",
				Pod:          testPodName,
				ContainerID:  containerID,
			}

			wrkload, err := ids.CalculateWorkloadEndpointName(false)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			interfaceName := k8sconversion.NewConverter().VethNameForWorkload(testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, testPodName)

			// The endpoint is created
			endpoints, err := calicoClient.WorkloadEndpoints().List(ctx, options.ListOptions{})
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(endpoints.Items).Should(HaveLen(1))

			if os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE") == "kubernetes" {
				// Unlike etcd datastore, WEP based on a kubernetes pod does not store values for the MAC.
				// Put it back manually for later comparison.
				endpoints.Items[0].Spec.MAC = mac.String()
			}

			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Name).Should(Equal(wrkload))
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Namespace).Should(Equal(testutils.K8S_TEST_NS))
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Labels).Should(Equal(map[string]string{
				"projectcalico.org/namespace":      "test",
				"projectcalico.org/orchestrator":   api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
				"projectcalico.org/serviceaccount": "default",
			}))

			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Spec).Should(Equal(libapi.WorkloadEndpointSpec{
				Pod:                testPodName,
				InterfaceName:      interfaceName,
				IPNetworks:         []string{assignIP.String() + "/32"},
				ServiceAccountName: "default",
				MAC:                mac.String(),
				Profiles:           []string{"kns.test", "ksa.test.default"},
				Node:               testNodeName,
				Endpoint:           "eth0",
				Workload:           "",
				ContainerID:        containerID,
				Orchestrator:       api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
			}))

			// Assert sysctl values are set for what we would expect for an endpoint.
			err = checkInterfaceConfig(interfaceName, "4")
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())

			// Delete the container.
			_, err = testutils.DeleteContainer(netconf, contNs.Path(), testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
		})

		It("should fail if ipAddrsNoIpam is not enabled", func() {
			// Disable the feature
			nc.FeatureControl.IPAddrsNoIpam = false
			ncb, err := json.Marshal(nc)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
			netconf = string(ncb)

			clientset := getKubernetesClient()

			// Now create a K8s pod passing in an IP address.
			ensurePodCreated(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, &v1.Pod{
				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
					Name: testPodName,
					Annotations: map[string]string{
						"cni.projectcalico.org/ipAddrsNoIpam": "[\"10.0.0.1\"]",
					},
				},
				Spec: v1.PodSpec{
					Containers: []v1.Container{{
						Name:  testPodName,
						Image: "ignore",
					}},
					NodeName: testNodeName,
				},
			})

			_, _, _, _, _, contNs, err := testutils.CreateContainer(netconf, testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, "")
			Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())

			_, err = testutils.DeleteContainer(netconf, contNs.Path(), testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
		})

		It("should return an error if multiple addresses are requested using ipAddrsNoIpam", func() {
			// Now create a K8s pod passing in more than one IPv4 address.
			ensurePodCreated(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, &v1.Pod{
				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
					Name: testPodName,
					Annotations: map[string]string{
						"cni.projectcalico.org/ipAddrsNoIpam": "[\"10.0.0.1\", \"10.0.0.2\"]",
					},
				},
				Spec: v1.PodSpec{
					Containers: []v1.Container{{
						Name:  testPodName,
						Image: "ignore",
					}},
					NodeName: testNodeName,
				},
			})

			_, _, _, _, _, contNs, err := testutils.CreateContainer(netconf, testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, "")
			Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())

			if os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE") != "kubernetes" {
				// No WEP should be created with an etcd datastore.
				endpoints, err := calicoClient.WorkloadEndpoints().List(ctx, options.ListOptions{})
				Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
				Expect(endpoints.Items).Should(HaveLen(0))
			}

			// Delete the container.
			_, err = testutils.DeleteContainer(netconf, contNs.Path(), testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
		})
	})

	Context("using ipAddrs annotation to assign IP address to a pod from IPAM", func() {
		var clientset *kubernetes.Clientset

		BeforeEach(func() {
			// Set up clients.
			clientset = getKubernetesClient()
		})

		It("should successfully assign the annotated IP address", func() {
			netconfCalicoIPAM := fmt.Sprintf(`
				{
				  "cniVersion": "%s",
				  "name": "net4",
				  "type": "calico",
				  "etcd_endpoints": "http://%s:2379",
				  "datastore_type": "%s",
			          "nodename_file_optional": true,
				  "ipam": {
					   "type": "calico-ipam",
					   "assign_ipv4": "true",
					   "assign_ipv6": "true"
				   },
					"kubernetes": {
                                          "kubeconfig": "/home/user/certs/kubeconfig"
					 },
					"policy": {"type": "k8s"},
					"log_level":"debug",
					"nodename": "%s"
				}`, cniVersion, os.Getenv("ETCD_IP"), os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE"), testNodeName)

			assignIP := net.IPv4(20, 0, 0, 111).To4()

			// Create a new ipPool.
			ipPool := "20.0.0.0/24"
			testutils.MustCreateNewIPPool(calicoClient, ipPool, false, false, true)
			_, _, err := net.ParseCIDR(ipPool)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			// Now create a K8s pod passing in an IP address.
			ensurePodCreated(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, &v1.Pod{
				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
					Name: testPodName,
					Annotations: map[string]string{
						"cni.projectcalico.org/ipAddrs": "[\"20.0.0.111\"]",
					},
				},
				Spec: v1.PodSpec{
					Containers: []v1.Container{{
						Name:  testPodName,
						Image: "ignore",
					}},
					NodeName: testNodeName,
				},
			})
			defer ensurePodDeleted(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, testPodName)

			containerID, _, contVeth, contAddresses, _, netNS, err := testutils.CreateContainer(netconfCalicoIPAM, testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, "")
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
			mac := contVeth.Attrs().HardwareAddr

			podIP := contAddresses[0].IP
			Expect(podIP).Should(Equal(assignIP))

			ids := names.WorkloadEndpointIdentifiers{
				Node:         testNodeName,
				Orchestrator: api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
				Endpoint:     "eth0",
				Pod:          testPodName,
				ContainerID:  containerID,
			}

			wrkload, err := ids.CalculateWorkloadEndpointName(false)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			interfaceName := k8sconversion.NewConverter().VethNameForWorkload(testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, testPodName)

			// Make sure WorkloadEndpoint is created and has the requested IP in the datastore.
			endpoints, err := calicoClient.WorkloadEndpoints().List(ctx, options.ListOptions{})
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(endpoints.Items).Should(HaveLen(1))

			if os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE") == "kubernetes" {
				// Unlike etcd datastore, WEP based on a kubernetes pod does not store values for the MAC.
				// Put it back manually for later comparison.
				endpoints.Items[0].Spec.MAC = mac.String()
			}

			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Name).Should(Equal(wrkload))
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Namespace).Should(Equal(testutils.K8S_TEST_NS))
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Labels).Should(Equal(map[string]string{
				"projectcalico.org/namespace":      "test",
				"projectcalico.org/orchestrator":   api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
				"projectcalico.org/serviceaccount": "default",
			}))

			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Spec).Should(Equal(libapi.WorkloadEndpointSpec{
				Pod:                testPodName,
				InterfaceName:      interfaceName,
				IPNetworks:         []string{assignIP.String() + "/32"},
				ServiceAccountName: "default",
				MAC:                mac.String(),
				Profiles:           []string{"kns.test", "ksa.test.default"},
				Node:               testNodeName,
				Endpoint:           "eth0",
				Workload:           "",
				ContainerID:        containerID,
				Orchestrator:       api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
			}))

			// Check the pod's IP annotations.
			checkPodIPAnnotations(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, testPodName, "20.0.0.111/32", "20.0.0.111/32")

			// Assert sysctl values are set for what we would expect for an endpoint.
			err = checkInterfaceConfig(interfaceName, "4")
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())

			// Delete the container.
			_, err = testutils.DeleteContainer(netconfCalicoIPAM, netNS.Path(), testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
		})
	})

	Context("with dual stack IP allocations", func() {
		var clientset *kubernetes.Clientset
		var ipPool4 string = "20.0.0.0/24"
		var ipPool6 string = "fd80:20::/96"

		BeforeEach(func() {
			// Set up clients.
			clientset = getKubernetesClient()
			testutils.MustCreateNewIPPool(calicoClient, ipPool4, false, false, true)
			testutils.MustCreateNewIPPool(calicoClient, ipPool6, false, false, true)
		})

		AfterEach(func() {
			testutils.MustDeleteIPPool(calicoClient, ipPool4)
			testutils.MustDeleteIPPool(calicoClient, ipPool6)
		})

		It("should allocate IPv4 and IPv6 addresses and handle dual stack floating IPs", func() {
			netconfCalicoIPAM := fmt.Sprintf(`
				{
     			  "feature_control": {
     			      "floating_ips": true
     			  },
     			  "cniVersion": "%s",
				  "name": "net4",
				  "type": "calico",
				  "etcd_endpoints": "http://%s:2379",
				  "datastore_type": "%s",
			          "nodename_file_optional": true,
				  "ipam": {
					   "type": "calico-ipam",
					   "assign_ipv4": "true",
					   "assign_ipv6": "true"
				   },
					"kubernetes": {
                                          "kubeconfig": "/home/user/certs/kubeconfig"
					 },
					"policy": {"type": "k8s"},
					"log_level":"debug",
					"nodename": "%s"
				}`, cniVersion, os.Getenv("ETCD_IP"), os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE"), testNodeName)

			// Now create a K8s pod (without any pod IP annotations).
			ensurePodCreated(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, &v1.Pod{
				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
					Name: testPodName,
					Annotations: map[string]string{
						"cni.projectcalico.org/floatingIPs": "[\"1.1.1.1\", \"2001:647f::21\"]",
					},
				},
				Spec: v1.PodSpec{
					Containers: []v1.Container{{
						Name:  testPodName,
						Image: "ignore",
					}},
					NodeName: testNodeName,
				},
			})
			defer ensurePodDeleted(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, testPodName)

			containerID, _, contVeth, contAddresses, _, netNS, err := testutils.CreateContainer(netconfCalicoIPAM, testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, "")
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
			mac := contVeth.Attrs().HardwareAddr

			Expect(contAddresses).To(HaveLen(2))
			podIPv4 := contAddresses[0].IP
			Expect(podIPv4.To4()).NotTo(BeNil())
			podIPv6 := contAddresses[1].IP
			Expect(podIPv6.To16()).NotTo(BeNil())

			ids := names.WorkloadEndpointIdentifiers{
				Node:         testNodeName,
				Orchestrator: api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
				Endpoint:     "eth0",
				Pod:          testPodName,
				ContainerID:  containerID,
			}

			wrkload, err := ids.CalculateWorkloadEndpointName(false)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			interfaceName := k8sconversion.NewConverter().VethNameForWorkload(testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, testPodName)

			// Make sure WorkloadEndpoint is created and has the requested IP in the datastore.
			endpoints, err := calicoClient.WorkloadEndpoints().List(ctx, options.ListOptions{})
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(endpoints.Items).Should(HaveLen(1))

			if os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE") == "kubernetes" {
				// Unlike etcd datastore, WEP based on a kubernetes pod does not store values for the MAC.
				// Put it back manually for later comparison.
				endpoints.Items[0].Spec.MAC = mac.String()
			}

			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Name).Should(Equal(wrkload))
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Namespace).Should(Equal(testutils.K8S_TEST_NS))
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Labels).Should(Equal(map[string]string{
				"projectcalico.org/namespace":      "test",
				"projectcalico.org/orchestrator":   api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
				"projectcalico.org/serviceaccount": "default",
			}))

			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Spec).Should(Equal(libapi.WorkloadEndpointSpec{
				Pod:                testPodName,
				InterfaceName:      interfaceName,
				ServiceAccountName: "default",
				IPNetworks:         []string{podIPv4.String() + "/32", podIPv6.String() + "/128"},
				MAC:                mac.String(),
				Profiles:           []string{"kns.test", "ksa.test.default"},
				Node:               testNodeName,
				Endpoint:           "eth0",
				Workload:           "",
				IPNATs: []libapi.IPNAT{
					{
						InternalIP: podIPv4.String(),
						ExternalIP: "1.1.1.1",
					},
					{
						InternalIP: podIPv6.String(),
						ExternalIP: "2001:647f::21",
					},
				},
				ContainerID:  containerID,
				Orchestrator: api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
			}))

			// Check the pod's IP annotations.
			checkPodIPAnnotations(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, testPodName, podIPv4.String()+"/32", podIPv4.String()+"/32,"+podIPv6.String()+"/128")

			// Delete the container.
			_, err = testutils.DeleteContainer(netconfCalicoIPAM, netNS.Path(), testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
		})
	})

	// This context contains test cases meant to simulate specific scenarios seen when running the plugin
	// in a Kubernetes cluster.
	Context("Kubernetes-specific race condition tests", func() {
		var clientset *kubernetes.Clientset
		var cniContainerIDX string = "container-id-00x"
		var cniContainerIDY string = "container-id-00y"
		var ipPool string = "10.0.0.0/24"
		var nc types.NetConf
		var netconf string

		BeforeEach(func() {
			// Set up clients.
			clientset = getKubernetesClient()

			// Create a network config.
			nc = types.NetConf{
				CNIVersion:           cniVersion,
				Name:                 "calico-uts",
				Type:                 "calico",
				EtcdEndpoints:        fmt.Sprintf("http://%s:2379", os.Getenv("ETCD_IP")),
				DatastoreType:        os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE"),
				Kubernetes:           types.Kubernetes{Kubeconfig: "/home/user/certs/kubeconfig"},
				Policy:               types.Policy{PolicyType: "k8s"},
				NodenameFileOptional: true,
				LogLevel:             "debug",
				Nodename:             testNodeName,
			}
			nc.IPAM.Type = "calico-ipam"
			ncb, err := json.Marshal(nc)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
			netconf = string(ncb)

			// Make sure the namespace exists.
			ensureNamespace(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS)

			// Create a new ipPool.
			testutils.MustCreateNewIPPool(calicoClient, ipPool, false, false, true)

			// Now create a K8s pod.
			ensurePodCreated(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS,
				&v1.Pod{
					ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
						Name: testPodName,
					},
					Spec: v1.PodSpec{
						Containers: []v1.Container{{
							Name:  testPodName,
							Image: "ignore",
						}},
						NodeName: testNodeName,
					},
				})
		})

		AfterEach(func() {
			// Delete pod
			ensurePodDeleted(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, testPodName)

			// Delete IP pools.
			testutils.MustDeleteIPPool(calicoClient, ipPool)
		})

		// This specific test case is for an issue where k8s would send extra DELs being "aggressive". See: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/44100
		// Specifically, what this test simulates is:
		// - CNI ADD for containerIDX
		// - CNI DEL for containerIDX
		// - CNI ADD for containerIDY
		// - CNI DEL for containerIDX (Spurious delete for old container ID)
		It("Use different container IDs to ADD and DEL the container", func() {
			// ADD the container with passing a container ID "X".
			_, _, _, _, _, contNs, err := testutils.CreateContainerWithId(netconf, testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, "", cniContainerIDX)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())

			// Assert that the endpoint is created in the backend datastore with ContainerID "X".
			endpoints, err := calicoClient.WorkloadEndpoints().List(ctx, options.ListOptions{})
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(endpoints.Items).Should(HaveLen(1))
			idsX := names.WorkloadEndpointIdentifiers{
				Node:         testNodeName,
				Orchestrator: api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
				Endpoint:     "eth0",
				Pod:          testPodName,
				ContainerID:  cniContainerIDX,
			}
			wrkloadX, err := idsX.CalculateWorkloadEndpointName(false)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Name).Should(Equal(wrkloadX))
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Namespace).Should(Equal(testutils.K8S_TEST_NS))
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Labels).Should(Equal(map[string]string{
				"projectcalico.org/namespace":      "test",
				"projectcalico.org/orchestrator":   api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
				"projectcalico.org/serviceaccount": "default",
			}))

			if os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE") != "kubernetes" {
				Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Spec.ContainerID).Should(Equal(cniContainerIDX))
			}

			// Delete the container with container ID "X".
			exitCode, err := testutils.DeleteContainerWithId(netconf, contNs.Path(), testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, cniContainerIDX)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(exitCode).Should(Equal(0))

			if os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE") != "kubernetes" {
				// The endpoint for ContainerID "X" should not exist in the backend datastore.
				endpoints, err = calicoClient.WorkloadEndpoints().List(ctx, options.ListOptions{})
				Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
				Expect(endpoints.Items).Should(HaveLen(0))
			}

			// ADD a new container with passing a container ID "Y".
			_, _, _, _, _, contNs, err = testutils.CreateContainerWithId(netconf, testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, "", cniContainerIDY)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())

			// Assert that the endpoint is created in the backend datastore with ContainerID "Y".
			endpoints, err = calicoClient.WorkloadEndpoints().List(ctx, options.ListOptions{})
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(endpoints.Items).Should(HaveLen(1))
			idsY := names.WorkloadEndpointIdentifiers{
				Node:         testNodeName,
				Orchestrator: api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
				Endpoint:     "eth0",
				Pod:          testPodName,
				ContainerID:  cniContainerIDY,
			}
			wrkloadY, err := idsY.CalculateWorkloadEndpointName(false)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Name).Should(Equal(wrkloadY))
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Namespace).Should(Equal(testutils.K8S_TEST_NS))
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Labels).Should(Equal(map[string]string{
				"projectcalico.org/namespace":      "test",
				"projectcalico.org/orchestrator":   api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
				"projectcalico.org/serviceaccount": "default",
			}))

			if os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE") != "kubernetes" {
				Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Spec.ContainerID).Should(Equal(cniContainerIDY))
			}

			// Delete the container with container ID "X" again.
			exitCode, err = testutils.DeleteContainerWithId(netconf, contNs.Path(), testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, cniContainerIDX)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(exitCode).Should(Equal(0))

			// Assert that the endpoint with container ID "Y" is still in the datastore.
			endpoints, err = calicoClient.WorkloadEndpoints().List(ctx, options.ListOptions{})
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(endpoints.Items).Should(HaveLen(1))
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Name).Should(Equal(wrkloadY))
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Namespace).Should(Equal(testutils.K8S_TEST_NS))
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Labels).Should(Equal(map[string]string{
				"projectcalico.org/namespace":      "test",
				"projectcalico.org/orchestrator":   api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
				"projectcalico.org/serviceaccount": "default",
			}))
			if os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE") != "kubernetes" {
				Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Spec.ContainerID).Should(Equal(cniContainerIDY))
			}

			// Finally, delete the container with container ID "Y".
			exitCode, err = testutils.DeleteContainerWithId(netconf, contNs.Path(), testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, cniContainerIDY)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(exitCode).Should(Equal(0))
		})

		// Specifically, this test simulartes the following:
		// - CNI ADD using containerIDX
		// - CNI ADD using containerIDY
		// - CNI DEL using containerIDX (should be a no-op)
		// - CNI DEL using containerIDY (should actually delete the container)
		It("should handle deletes for stale container IDs", func() {
			// ADD the container with passing a CNI_CONTAINERID of "X".
			_, _, _, _, _, _, err := testutils.CreateContainerWithId(netconf, testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, "", cniContainerIDX)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())

			// Assert that the endpoint is created in the backend datastore with ContainerID "X".
			endpoints, err := calicoClient.WorkloadEndpoints().List(ctx, options.ListOptions{})
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(endpoints.Items).Should(HaveLen(1))
			idsX := names.WorkloadEndpointIdentifiers{
				Node:         testNodeName,
				Orchestrator: api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
				Endpoint:     "eth0",
				Pod:          testPodName,
				ContainerID:  cniContainerIDX,
			}
			wrkloadX, err := idsX.CalculateWorkloadEndpointName(false)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Name).Should(Equal(wrkloadX))
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Namespace).Should(Equal(testutils.K8S_TEST_NS))
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Labels).Should(Equal(map[string]string{
				"projectcalico.org/namespace":      "test",
				"projectcalico.org/orchestrator":   api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
				"projectcalico.org/serviceaccount": "default",
			}))
			if os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE") != "kubernetes" {
				Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Spec.ContainerID).Should(Equal(cniContainerIDX))
			}

			// ADD the container with passing a CNI_CONTAINERID of "Y"
			_, _, _, _, _, contNs, err := testutils.CreateContainerWithId(netconf, testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, "", cniContainerIDY)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())

			// Assert that the endpoint is created in the backend datastore with ContainerID "Y".
			endpoints, err = calicoClient.WorkloadEndpoints().List(ctx, options.ListOptions{})
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(endpoints.Items).Should(HaveLen(1))
			idsY := names.WorkloadEndpointIdentifiers{
				Node:         testNodeName,
				Orchestrator: api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
				Endpoint:     "eth0",
				Pod:          testPodName,
				ContainerID:  cniContainerIDY,
			}
			wrkloadY, err := idsY.CalculateWorkloadEndpointName(false)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Name).Should(Equal(wrkloadY))
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Namespace).Should(Equal(testutils.K8S_TEST_NS))
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Labels).Should(Equal(map[string]string{
				"projectcalico.org/namespace":      "test",
				"projectcalico.org/orchestrator":   api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
				"projectcalico.org/serviceaccount": "default",
			}))
			if os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE") != "kubernetes" {
				Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Spec.ContainerID).Should(Equal(cniContainerIDY))
			}

			// Delete the container with the CNI_CONTAINERID "X".
			exitCode, err := testutils.DeleteContainerWithId(netconf, contNs.Path(), testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, cniContainerIDX)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(exitCode).Should(Equal(0))

			// Assert that the endpoint in the backend datastore still has ContainerID "Y".
			endpoints, err = calicoClient.WorkloadEndpoints().List(ctx, options.ListOptions{})
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(endpoints.Items).Should(HaveLen(1))
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Name).Should(Equal(wrkloadY))
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Namespace).Should(Equal(testutils.K8S_TEST_NS))
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Labels).Should(Equal(map[string]string{
				"projectcalico.org/namespace":      "test",
				"projectcalico.org/orchestrator":   api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
				"projectcalico.org/serviceaccount": "default",
			}))
			if os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE") != "kubernetes" {
				Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Spec.ContainerID).Should(Equal(cniContainerIDY))
			}

			// Delete the container with the CNI_CONTAINERID "Y".
			exitCode, err = testutils.DeleteContainerWithId(netconf, contNs.Path(), testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, cniContainerIDY)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(exitCode).Should(Equal(0))

			if os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE") != "kubernetes" {
				// Assert that the endpoint in the backend datastore is now gone.
				endpoints, err = calicoClient.WorkloadEndpoints().List(ctx, options.ListOptions{})
				Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
				Expect(endpoints.Items).Should(HaveLen(0))
			}
		})
	})

	Context("after a pod has already been networked once", func() {
		var nc types.NetConf
		var netconf string
		var clientset *kubernetes.Clientset
		var workloadName, containerID string
		var endpointSpec libapi.WorkloadEndpointSpec
		var contNs ns.NetNS
		var result *cniv1.Result

		checkIPAMReservation := func() {
			// IPAM reservation should still be in place.
			handleID := utils.GetHandleID("calico-uts", containerID, workloadName)
			ipamIPs, err := calicoClient.IPAM().IPsByHandle(context.Background(), handleID)
			ExpectWithOffset(1, err).NotTo(HaveOccurred(), "error getting IPs")
			ExpectWithOffset(1, ipamIPs).To(HaveLen(1),
				"There should be an IPAM handle for endpoint")
			Expect(endpointSpec.IPNetworks).To(HaveLen(1))
			ExpectWithOffset(1, ipamIPs[0].String()+"/32").To(Equal(endpointSpec.IPNetworks[0]))
		}

		BeforeEach(func() {
			// Create a new ipPool.
			testutils.MustCreateNewIPPool(calicoClient, "10.0.0.0/24", false, false, true)

			// Create a network config.
			nc = types.NetConf{
				CNIVersion:           cniVersion,
				Name:                 "calico-uts",
				Type:                 "calico",
				EtcdEndpoints:        fmt.Sprintf("http://%s:2379", os.Getenv("ETCD_IP")),
				DatastoreType:        os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE"),
				Kubernetes:           types.Kubernetes{Kubeconfig: "/home/user/certs/kubeconfig"},
				Policy:               types.Policy{PolicyType: "k8s"},
				NodenameFileOptional: true,
				LogLevel:             "debug",
				Nodename:             testNodeName,
			}
			nc.IPAM.Type = "calico-ipam"
			ncb, err := json.Marshal(nc)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
			netconf = string(ncb)

			// Now create a K8s pod.
			clientset = getKubernetesClient()
			ensurePodCreated(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS,
				&v1.Pod{
					ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
						Name: testPodName,
					},
					Spec: v1.PodSpec{
						Containers: []v1.Container{{
							Name:  testPodName,
							Image: "ignore",
						}},
						NodeName: testNodeName,
					},
				})

			// Run the CNI plugin.
			containerID, result, _, _, _, contNs, err = testutils.CreateContainer(netconf, testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, "")
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())

			// The endpoint is created in etcd
			endpoints, err := calicoClient.WorkloadEndpoints().List(ctx, options.ListOptions{})
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(endpoints.Items).Should(HaveLen(1))
			ids := names.WorkloadEndpointIdentifiers{
				Node:         testNodeName,
				Orchestrator: api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
				Endpoint:     "eth0",
				Pod:          testPodName,
				ContainerID:  containerID,
			}
			workloadName, err = ids.CalculateWorkloadEndpointName(false)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Name).Should(Equal(workloadName))
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Namespace).Should(Equal(testutils.K8S_TEST_NS))
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Labels).Should(Equal(map[string]string{
				"projectcalico.org/namespace":      "test",
				"projectcalico.org/orchestrator":   api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
				"projectcalico.org/serviceaccount": "default",
			}))

			endpointSpec = endpoints.Items[0].Spec
			if os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE") != "kubernetes" {
				Expect(endpointSpec.ContainerID).Should(Equal(containerID))
			}
			checkIPAMReservation()
		})

		AfterEach(func() {
			_, err = testutils.DeleteContainerWithId(netconf, contNs.Path(), testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, containerID)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())

			ensurePodDeleted(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, testPodName)
		})

		It("a second ADD for the same container should work, assigning a new IP", func() {
			// Try to create the same pod with a different container (so CNI receives the ADD for the same endpoint again)
			resultSecondAdd, _, _, _, err := testutils.RunCNIPluginWithId(netconf, testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, "", "new-container-id", "eth0", contNs)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			// The IP addresses shouldn't be the same, since we'll reassign one.
			Expect(resultSecondAdd.IPs).ShouldNot(Equal(result.IPs))

			// Otherwise, they should be the same.
			resultSecondAdd.IPs = nil
			result.IPs = nil
			Expect(resultSecondAdd).Should(Equal(result))

			// IPAM reservation should still be in place.
			checkIPAMReservation()
		})

		Context("with networking rigged to fail", func() {
			renameVeth := func(from, to string) {
				output, err := exec.Command("ip", "link", "set", from, "down").CombinedOutput()
				Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred(), fmt.Sprintf("Output: %s", output))
				output, err = exec.Command("ip", "link", "set", from, "name", to).CombinedOutput()
				Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred(), fmt.Sprintf("Output: %s", output))
				output, err = exec.Command("ip", "link", "set", to, "up").CombinedOutput()
				Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred(), fmt.Sprintf("Output: %s", output))
			}

			var realVethName, tweakedVethName string

			BeforeEach(func() {
				// To prevent the networking attempt from succeeding, rename the old veth.
				// This leaves a route and an eth0 in place that the plugin will struggle with.
				realVethName = endpointSpec.InterfaceName
				tweakedVethName = strings.Replace(realVethName, "cali", "sali", 1)
				renameVeth(realVethName, tweakedVethName)
			})

			It("a second ADD should fail, but not clean up the original IPAM allocation", func() {
				// Try to create the same container (so CNI receives the ADD for the same endpoint again)
				// Use a different container ID but the same Pod Name/Namespace
				_, _, _, _, err := testutils.RunCNIPluginWithId(netconf, testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, "", "new-container-id", "eth0", contNs)
				Expect(err).Should(HaveOccurred())

				// IPAM reservation should still be in place.
				checkIPAMReservation()
			})

			AfterEach(func() {
				// So the tear-down succeeds, put the veth back.
				renameVeth(tweakedVethName, realVethName)
			})
		})
	})

	Context("Create a container then send another ADD for the same container but with a different interface", func() {
		var netconf string
		BeforeEach(func() {
			netconf = fmt.Sprintf(`
				{
				  "cniVersion": "%s",
				  "name": "net10",
				  "type": "calico",
				  "etcd_endpoints": "http://%s:2379",
				  "datastore_type": "%s",
           			  "nodename_file_optional": true,
				  "log_level": "info",
			 	  "ipam": {
				    "type": "calico-ipam"
				  },
				  "kubernetes": {
				    "kubeconfig": "/home/user/certs/kubeconfig"
				  },
				  "policy": {"type": "k8s"},
				  "nodename": "%s"
				}`, cniVersion, os.Getenv("ETCD_IP"), os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE"), testNodeName)
		})
		It("should successfully execute both ADDs but for second ADD will return the same result as the first time but it won't network the container", func() {
			// Create a new ipPool.
			testutils.MustCreateNewIPPool(calicoClient, "10.0.0.0/24", false, false, true)

			clientset := getKubernetesClient()

			// Create two k8s pods - for this test we want to ensure that the names for the pods
			// look alike to make sure we handle pods with very similar names.
			name2 := fmt.Sprintf("%s-1", testPodName)

			ensurePodCreated(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS,
				&v1.Pod{
					ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
						Name: testPodName,
					},
					Spec: v1.PodSpec{
						Containers: []v1.Container{{
							Name:  testPodName,
							Image: "ignore",
						}},
						NodeName: testNodeName,
					},
				})

			// Create the container, which will call CNI and by default it will create the container with interface name 'eth0'.
			containerID, _, _, _, _, contNs, err := testutils.CreateContainer(netconf, testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, "")
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
			// Make sure the pod gets cleaned up, whether we fail or not.
			expectedIfaceName := "eth0"
			defer func() {
				_, err := testutils.DeleteContainerWithIdAndIfaceName(netconf, contNs.Path(), testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, containerID, expectedIfaceName)
				Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())

				ensurePodDeleted(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, testPodName)
			}()

			// The endpoint is created in etcd
			endpoints, err := calicoClient.WorkloadEndpoints().List(ctx, options.ListOptions{})
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(endpoints.Items).Should(HaveLen(1))

			ids := names.WorkloadEndpointIdentifiers{
				Node:         testNodeName,
				Orchestrator: api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
				Endpoint:     "eth0",
				Pod:          testPodName,
				ContainerID:  containerID,
			}

			wepName, err := ids.CalculateWorkloadEndpointName(false)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Name).Should(Equal(wepName))
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Namespace).Should(Equal(testutils.K8S_TEST_NS))
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Labels).Should(Equal(map[string]string{
				"projectcalico.org/namespace":      "test",
				"projectcalico.org/orchestrator":   api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
				"projectcalico.org/serviceaccount": "default",
			}))

			if os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE") != "kubernetes" {
				Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Spec.ContainerID).Should(Equal(containerID))
			}

			// Try to create the same container but with a different endpoint (container interface name 'eth1'),
			// so CNI receives the ADD for the same containerID but different endpoint.
			_, _, _, _, err = testutils.RunCNIPluginWithId(netconf, testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, "", containerID, "eth1", contNs)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())

			// If the above command succeeds, the CNI plugin will have renamed the container side of the
			// veth to "eth1".  We need to clean it up under the correct name, or we'll leak it.
			expectedIfaceName = "eth1"

			// The endpoint is created in etcd
			endpoints, err = calicoClient.WorkloadEndpoints().List(ctx, options.ListOptions{})
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(endpoints.Items).Should(HaveLen(1))

			// Returned endpoint should still have the same fields even after calling the CNI plugin with a different interface name.
			// Calico CNI currently only supports one endpoint (interface) per pod.
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Name).Should(Equal(wepName))
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Namespace).Should(Equal(testutils.K8S_TEST_NS))
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Labels).Should(Equal(map[string]string{
				"projectcalico.org/namespace":      "test",
				"projectcalico.org/orchestrator":   api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
				"projectcalico.org/serviceaccount": "default",
			}))

			// Explicitly assert that endpoint name is still 'eth0' (which was the case from the first ADD)
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Spec.Endpoint).Should(Equal("eth0"))
			if os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE") != "kubernetes" {
				Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Spec.ContainerID).Should(Equal(containerID))
			}

			// Now we create another pod with a very similar name.
			ensurePodCreated(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS,
				&v1.Pod{
					ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
						Name: name2,
					},
					Spec: v1.PodSpec{
						Containers: []v1.Container{{
							Name:  name2,
							Image: "ignore",
						}},
						NodeName: testNodeName,
					},
				})

			// Now since we can't use the same container namespace for the second container, we need to create a new one.
			contNs2, err := cnitestutils.NewNS()
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
			containerID2 := "random-cid"
			defer func() {
				_, err := testutils.DeleteContainerWithId(netconf, contNs2.Path(), name2, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, containerID2)
				Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())

				ensurePodDeleted(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, name2)
			}()

			err = contNs2.Do(func(_ ns.NetNS) error {
				lo, err := netlink.LinkByName("lo")
				if err != nil {
					return err
				}
				return netlink.LinkSetUp(lo)
			})
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			// Create the container, which will call CNI and by default it will create the container with interface name 'eth0'.
			_, _, _, _, err = testutils.RunCNIPluginWithId(netconf, name2, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, "", containerID2, "eth0", contNs2)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())

			// Make sure BOTH of the endpoints are there in etcd
			endpoints, err = calicoClient.WorkloadEndpoints().List(ctx, options.ListOptions{})
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(endpoints.Items).Should(HaveLen(2))

			// Construct the workloadendpoint name for the second pod.
			ids2 := names.WorkloadEndpointIdentifiers{
				Node:         testNodeName,
				Orchestrator: api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
				Endpoint:     "eth0",
				Pod:          name2,
				ContainerID:  containerID2,
			}

			wrkload2, err := ids2.CalculateWorkloadEndpointName(false)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			// Explicitly Get the second workloadendpoint and make sure it exists and has all the right fields.
			ep, err := calicoClient.WorkloadEndpoints().Get(ctx, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, wrkload2, options.GetOptions{})
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())

			// Returned endpoint should still have the same fields even after calling the CNI plugin with a different interface name.
			// Calico CNI currently only supports one endpoint (interface) per pod.
			Expect(ep.Name).Should(Equal(wrkload2))
			Expect(ep.Namespace).Should(Equal(testutils.K8S_TEST_NS))
			Expect(ep.Labels).Should(Equal(map[string]string{
				"projectcalico.org/namespace":      "test",
				"projectcalico.org/orchestrator":   api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
				"projectcalico.org/serviceaccount": "default",
			}))

			if os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE") != "kubernetes" {
				// Assert this WEP has the new containerID for the second pod.
				Expect(ep.Spec.ContainerID).Should(Equal(containerID2))
			}
		})
	})

	Context("when pod has a service account", func() {
		var nc types.NetConf
		var netconf string
		var clientset *kubernetes.Clientset
		var pool string = "172.24.0.0/24"

		BeforeEach(func() {
			// Build the network config for this set of tests.
			nc = types.NetConf{
				CNIVersion:           cniVersion,
				Name:                 "calico-uts",
				Type:                 "calico",
				EtcdEndpoints:        fmt.Sprintf("http://%s:2379", os.Getenv("ETCD_IP")),
				DatastoreType:        os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE"),
				Kubernetes:           types.Kubernetes{Kubeconfig: "/home/user/certs/kubeconfig"},
				Policy:               types.Policy{PolicyType: "k8s"},
				NodenameFileOptional: true,
				LogLevel:             "debug",
				Nodename:             testNodeName,
			}
			nc.IPAM.Type = "calico-ipam"
			ncb, err := json.Marshal(nc)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
			netconf = string(ncb)

			// Create an IPPool for the test.
			testutils.MustCreateNewIPPool(calicoClient, pool, false, false, true)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			clientset = getKubernetesClient()
		})

		AfterEach(func() {
			// Delete pod
			ensurePodDeleted(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, testPodName)

			testutils.MustDeleteIPPool(calicoClient, pool)
		})

		It("should add a service account profile to the workload endpoint", func() {
			// Make sure the namespace exists.
			ensureNamespace(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS)

			// Create a K8s service account
			saName := "testserviceaccount"
			_, err = clientset.CoreV1().ServiceAccounts(testutils.K8S_TEST_NS).Create(context.Background(), &v1.ServiceAccount{
				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: saName},
			}, metav1.CreateOptions{})
			if err != nil {
				panic(err)
			}
			defer func() {
				fg := metav1.DeletePropagationForeground
				zero := int64(0)
				err = clientset.CoreV1().ServiceAccounts(testutils.K8S_TEST_NS).Delete(context.Background(),
					saName,
					metav1.DeleteOptions{
						PropagationPolicy:  &fg,
						GracePeriodSeconds: &zero,
					})
				Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
			}()

			// Create a K8s pod with the service account
			ensurePodCreated(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, &v1.Pod{
				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: testPodName},
				Spec: v1.PodSpec{
					Containers: []v1.Container{{
						Name:  fmt.Sprintf("container-%s", testPodName),
						Image: "ignore",
						Ports: []v1.ContainerPort{{
							Name:          "anamedport",
							ContainerPort: 555,
						}},
					}},
					ServiceAccountName: saName,
					NodeName:           testNodeName,
				},
			})
			containerID, result, contVeth, _, _, contNs, err := testutils.CreateContainer(netconf, testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, "")
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())

			mac := contVeth.Attrs().HardwareAddr

			Expect(len(result.IPs)).Should(Equal(1))

			ids := names.WorkloadEndpointIdentifiers{
				Node:         testNodeName,
				Orchestrator: api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
				Endpoint:     "eth0",
				Pod:          testPodName,
				ContainerID:  containerID,
			}

			wrkload, err := ids.CalculateWorkloadEndpointName(false)
			interfaceName := k8sconversion.NewConverter().VethNameForWorkload(testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, testPodName)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			// The endpoint is created
			endpoints, err := calicoClient.WorkloadEndpoints().List(ctx, options.ListOptions{})
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(endpoints.Items).Should(HaveLen(1))

			if os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE") == "kubernetes" {
				// Unlike etcd datastore, WEP based on a kubernetes pod does not store values for the MAC.
				// Put it back manually for later comparison.
				endpoints.Items[0].Spec.MAC = mac.String()
			}

			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Name).Should(Equal(wrkload))
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Namespace).Should(Equal(testutils.K8S_TEST_NS))
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Labels).Should(Equal(map[string]string{
				"projectcalico.org/namespace":      "test",
				"projectcalico.org/serviceaccount": saName,
				"projectcalico.org/orchestrator":   api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
			}))
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Spec).Should(Equal(libapi.WorkloadEndpointSpec{
				Pod:                testPodName,
				InterfaceName:      interfaceName,
				IPNetworks:         []string{result.IPs[0].Address.String()},
				MAC:                mac.String(),
				Profiles:           []string{"kns.test", "ksa.test." + saName},
				Node:               testNodeName,
				Endpoint:           "eth0",
				ServiceAccountName: saName,
				Workload:           "",
				ContainerID:        containerID,
				Orchestrator:       api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
				Ports: []libapi.WorkloadEndpointPort{{
					Name:     "anamedport",
					Protocol: numorstring.ProtocolFromString("TCP"),
					Port:     555,
				}},
			}))

			// Assert sysctl values are set for what we would expect for an endpoint.
			err = checkInterfaceConfig(interfaceName, "4")
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())

			_, err = testutils.DeleteContainer(netconf, contNs.Path(), testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())

			if os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE") != "kubernetes" {
				// Make sure there are no endpoints anymore
				endpoints, err = calicoClient.WorkloadEndpoints().List(ctx, options.ListOptions{})
				Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
				Expect(endpoints.Items).Should(HaveLen(0))
			}

			// Make sure the interface has been removed from the namespace
			targetNs, _ := ns.GetNS(contNs.Path())
			err = targetNs.Do(func(_ ns.NetNS) error {
				_, err = netlink.LinkByName("eth0")
				return err
			})
			Expect(err).Should(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(err.Error()).Should(Equal("Link not found"))

			// Make sure the interface has been removed from the host
			_, err = netlink.LinkByName("cali" + containerID)
			Expect(err).Should(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(err.Error()).Should(Equal("Link not found"))
		})
	})

	Context("when pod has a GenerateName", func() {
		var nc types.NetConf
		var netconf string
		var clientset *kubernetes.Clientset
		var pool string = "172.24.0.0/24"

		BeforeEach(func() {
			// Build the network config for this set of tests.
			nc = types.NetConf{
				CNIVersion:           cniVersion,
				Name:                 "calico-uts",
				Type:                 "calico",
				EtcdEndpoints:        fmt.Sprintf("http://%s:2379", os.Getenv("ETCD_IP")),
				DatastoreType:        os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE"),
				Kubernetes:           types.Kubernetes{Kubeconfig: "/home/user/certs/kubeconfig"},
				Policy:               types.Policy{PolicyType: "k8s"},
				NodenameFileOptional: true,
				LogLevel:             "debug",
				Nodename:             testNodeName,
			}
			nc.IPAM.Type = "calico-ipam"
			ncb, err := json.Marshal(nc)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
			netconf = string(ncb)

			// Create an IPPool for the test.
			testutils.MustCreateNewIPPool(calicoClient, pool, false, false, true)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			clientset = getKubernetesClient()
		})

		AfterEach(func() {
			// Delete pod
			ensurePodDeleted(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, testPodName)

			testutils.MustDeleteIPPool(calicoClient, pool)
		})

		It("should add a workload endpoint with the GenerateName", func() {
			// Make sure the namespace exists.
			ensureNamespace(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS)

			// Create a K8s pod with GenerateName
			generateName := "test-gen-name"
			ensurePodCreated(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, &v1.Pod{
				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
					Name:         testPodName,
					GenerateName: generateName,
				},
				Spec: v1.PodSpec{
					Containers: []v1.Container{{
						Name:  fmt.Sprintf("container-%s", testPodName),
						Image: "ignore",
						Ports: []v1.ContainerPort{{
							Name:          "anamedport",
							ContainerPort: 555,
						}},
					}},
					NodeName: testNodeName,
				},
			})

			containerID, result, contVeth, _, _, contNs, err := testutils.CreateContainer(netconf, testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, "")
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())

			ids := names.WorkloadEndpointIdentifiers{
				Node:         testNodeName,
				Orchestrator: api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
				Endpoint:     "eth0",
				Pod:          testPodName,
				ContainerID:  containerID,
			}

			wrkload, err := ids.CalculateWorkloadEndpointName(false)
			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			mac := contVeth.Attrs().HardwareAddr
			interfaceName := k8sconversion.NewConverter().VethNameForWorkload(testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, testPodName)

			// The endpoint is created
			endpoints, err := calicoClient.WorkloadEndpoints().List(ctx, options.ListOptions{})
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
			Expect(endpoints.Items).Should(HaveLen(1))

			if os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE") == "kubernetes" {
				// Unlike etcd datastore, WEP based on a kubernetes pod does not store values for the MAC.
				// Put it back manually for later comparison.
				endpoints.Items[0].Spec.MAC = mac.String()
			}

			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Name).Should(Equal(wrkload))
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Namespace).Should(Equal(testutils.K8S_TEST_NS))
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Labels).Should(Equal(map[string]string{
				"projectcalico.org/namespace":      "test",
				"projectcalico.org/orchestrator":   api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
				"projectcalico.org/serviceaccount": "default",
			}))
			// Make sure that the GenerateName is there.
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].GenerateName).Should(Equal(generateName))

			// Let's just check that the Spec is good too.
			Expect(endpoints.Items[0].Spec).Should(Equal(libapi.WorkloadEndpointSpec{
				Pod:                testPodName,
				InterfaceName:      interfaceName,
				ServiceAccountName: "default",
				IPNetworks:         []string{result.IPs[0].Address.String()},
				MAC:                mac.String(),
				Profiles:           []string{"kns.test", "ksa.test.default"},
				Node:               testNodeName,
				Endpoint:           "eth0",
				Workload:           "",
				ContainerID:        containerID,
				Orchestrator:       api.OrchestratorKubernetes,
				Ports: []libapi.WorkloadEndpointPort{{
					Name:     "anamedport",
					Protocol: numorstring.ProtocolFromString("TCP"),
					Port:     555,
				}},
			}))

			// Assert sysctl values are set for what we would expect for an endpoint.
			err = checkInterfaceConfig(interfaceName, "4")
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())

			_, err = testutils.DeleteContainer(netconf, contNs.Path(), testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
		})
	})

	Context("using bogus readiness_gates", func() {
		var netconf string
		BeforeEach(func() {
			netconf = fmt.Sprintf(`
				{
				  "cniVersion": "%s",
				  "name": "net10",
				  "type": "calico",
				  "etcd_endpoints": "http://%s:2379",
				  "datastore_type": "%s",
           			  "nodename_file_optional": true,
				  "log_level": "info",
				  "readiness_gates": "http://localhost:9099/invalid_x12vx",
			 	  "ipam": {
				    "type": "calico-ipam"
				  },
				  "kubernetes": {
				    "kubeconfig": "/home/user/certs/kubeconfig"
				  },
				  "policy": {"type": "k8s"},
				  "nodename": "%s"
				}`, cniVersion, os.Getenv("ETCD_IP"), os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE"), testNodeName)
		})
		It("should fail container creation", func() {
			// Create a new ipPool.
			testutils.MustCreateNewIPPool(calicoClient, "10.0.0.0/24", false, false, true)

			clientset := getKubernetesClient()

			ensureNamespace(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS)
			ensurePodCreated(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS,
				&v1.Pod{
					ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
						Name: testPodName,
					},
					Spec: v1.PodSpec{
						Containers: []v1.Container{{
							Name:  testPodName,
							Image: "ignore",
						}},
						NodeName: testNodeName,
					},
				})

			// Create the container, which will call CNI and by default it will create the container with interface name 'eth0'.
			containerID, _, _, _, _, contNs, err := testutils.CreateContainer(netconf, testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, "")
			Expect(err).Should(HaveOccurred())
			// Make sure the pod gets cleaned up, whether we fail or not.
			expectedIfaceName := "eth0"
			_, err = testutils.DeleteContainerWithIdAndIfaceName(netconf, contNs.Path(), testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, containerID, expectedIfaceName)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
			ensurePodDeleted(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, testPodName)
		})
	})

	Context("using valid readiness_gates", func() {
		// Create a test http endpoint
		var server *httptest.Server
		var netconf string
		BeforeEach(func() {
			server = httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
				_, err := w.Write([]byte("Ok"))
				Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
			}))
			testEndpoint := server.URL
			netconf = fmt.Sprintf(`
				{
				  "cniVersion": "%s",
				  "name": "net10",
				  "type": "calico",
				  "etcd_endpoints": "http://%s:2379",
				  "datastore_type": "%s",
           			  "nodename_file_optional": true,
				  "log_level": "info",
				  "readiness_gates": ["%s"],
			 	  "ipam": {
				    "type": "calico-ipam"
				  },
				  "kubernetes": {
				    "kubeconfig": "/home/user/certs/kubeconfig"
				  },
				  "policy": {"type": "k8s"},
				  "nodename": "%s"
				}`, cniVersion, os.Getenv("ETCD_IP"), os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE"), testEndpoint, testNodeName)
		})

		AfterEach(func() {
			server.Close()
		})

		It("should successfully create container", func() {
			// Create a new ipPool.
			testutils.MustCreateNewIPPool(calicoClient, "10.0.0.0/24", false, false, true)

			clientset := getKubernetesClient()

			ensureNamespace(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS)
			ensurePodCreated(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS,
				&v1.Pod{
					ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
						Name: testPodName,
					},
					Spec: v1.PodSpec{
						Containers: []v1.Container{{
							Name:  testPodName,
							Image: "ignore",
						}},
						NodeName: testNodeName,
					},
				})

			// Create the container, which will call CNI and by default it will create the container with interface name 'eth0'.
			containerID, _, _, _, _, contNs, err := testutils.CreateContainer(netconf, testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, "")
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
			// Make sure the pod gets cleaned up, whether we fail or not.
			expectedIfaceName := "eth0"
			_, err = testutils.DeleteContainerWithIdAndIfaceName(netconf, contNs.Path(), testPodName, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, containerID, expectedIfaceName)
			Expect(err).ShouldNot(HaveOccurred())
			ensurePodDeleted(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, testPodName)
		})
	})

	Describe("testConnection tests", func() {
		It("successfully connects to the datastore", func(done Done) {
			netconf := fmt.Sprintf(`
			{
			  "cniVersion": "%s",
			  "name": "net1",
			  "type": "calico",
			  "etcd_endpoints": "http://%s:2379",
			  "datastore_type": "%s",
			  "ipam": {
			    "type": "host-local",
			    "subnet": "10.0.0.0/8"
			  },
			  "kubernetes": {
			    "kubeconfig": "/home/user/certs/kubeconfig"
			  },
			  "policy": {"type": "k8s"},
			  "nodename_file_optional": true,
			  "log_level":"debug",
			  "nodename": "%s"
			}`, cniVersion, os.Getenv("ETCD_IP"), os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE"), testNodeName)
			pluginPath := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", os.Getenv("BIN"), os.Getenv("PLUGIN"))
			c := exec.Command(pluginPath, "-t")
			stdin, err := c.StdinPipe()
			Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())

			go func() {
				defer stdin.Close()
				_, _ = io.WriteString(stdin, netconf)
			}()

			_, err = c.CombinedOutput()
			Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())
			close(done)
		}, 10)

		It("reports it cannot connect to the datastore", func(done Done) {
			// wrong port(s).
			netconf := fmt.Sprintf(`
			{
			  "cniVersion": "%s",
			  "name": "net1",
			  "type": "calico",
			  "etcd_endpoints": "http://%s:2370",
			  "datastore_type": "%s",
			  "ipam": {
			    "type": "host-local",
			    "subnet": "10.0.0.0/8"
			  },
			  "kubernetes": {
			    "kubeconfig": "/home/user/certs/kubeconfig",
			    "k8s_api_root": "https://127.0.0.1:6446"
			  },
			  "policy": {"type": "k8s"},
			  "nodename_file_optional": true,
			  "log_level":"debug",
			  "nodename": "%s"
			}`, cniVersion, os.Getenv("ETCD_IP"), os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE"), testNodeName)
			pluginPath := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", os.Getenv("BIN"), os.Getenv("PLUGIN"))
			c := exec.Command(pluginPath, "-t")
			stdin, err := c.StdinPipe()
			Expect(err).ToNot(HaveOccurred())

			go func() {
				defer stdin.Close()
				_, _ = io.WriteString(stdin, netconf)
			}()

			_, err = c.CombinedOutput()
			Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
			close(done)
		}, 10)
	})

	Describe("using hwAddr annotations to assign a fixed MAC address to a container veth", func() {
		var netconf string
		var name string
		BeforeEach(func() {
			netconf = fmt.Sprintf(`
				{
				  "cniVersion": "%s",
				  "name": "net1",
				  "type": "calico",
				  "etcd_endpoints": "http://%s:2379",
				  "datastore_type": "%s",
				  "ipam": {
					"type": "host-local",
					"subnet": "10.0.0.0/8"
				  },
				  "kubernetes": {
					"kubeconfig": "/home/user/certs/kubeconfig"
				  },
				  "policy": {"type": "k8s"},
				  "nodename_file_optional": true,
				  "log_level":"debug",
				  "nodename": "%s"
				}`, cniVersion, os.Getenv("ETCD_IP"), os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE"), testNodeName)
			name = generateName("test-pod")
		})

		It("annotation containing a valid MAC address", func() {
			clientset := getKubernetesClient()

			expectedMac := "ca:fe:ca:fe:ca:fe"

			ensurePodCreated(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, &v1.Pod{
				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
					Name: name,
					Annotations: map[string]string{
						"cni.projectcalico.org/hwAddr": expectedMac,
					},
				},
				Spec: v1.PodSpec{
					Containers: []v1.Container{{
						Name:  name,
						Image: "ignore",
					}},
					NodeName: testNodeName,
				},
			})
			defer ensurePodDeleted(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, name)

			_, _, contVeth, _, _, _, err := testutils.CreateContainer(netconf, name, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, "")

			Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())

			podMac := contVeth.Attrs().HardwareAddr

			Expect(podMac.String()).To(Equal(expectedMac))
		})

		It("annotation containing an invalid MAC address", func() {
			clientset := getKubernetesClient()

			invalidMac := "invalid MAC address"

			ensurePodCreated(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, &v1.Pod{
				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
					Name: name,
					Annotations: map[string]string{
						"cni.projectcalico.org/hwAddr": invalidMac,
					},
				},
				Spec: v1.PodSpec{
					Containers: []v1.Container{{
						Name:  testPodName,
						Image: "ignore",
					}},
					NodeName: testNodeName,
				},
			})
			defer ensurePodDeleted(clientset, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, name)

			_, _, _, _, _, _, err := testutils.CreateContainer(netconf, name, testutils.K8S_TEST_NS, "")
			Expect(err).To(HaveOccurred())
		})
	})
})

func checkPodIPAnnotations(clientset *kubernetes.Clientset, ns, name, expectedIP, expectedIPs string) {
	if os.Getenv("DATASTORE_TYPE") == "kubernetes" {
		pod, err := clientset.CoreV1().Pods(testutils.K8S_TEST_NS).Get(context.Background(), name, metav1.GetOptions{})
		Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
		Expect(pod.Annotations["cni.projectcalico.org/podIP"]).To(Equal(expectedIP))
		Expect(pod.Annotations["cni.projectcalico.org/podIPs"]).To(Equal(expectedIPs))
	}
}

func checkInterfaceConfig(name, ipVersion string) error {
	err := testutils.CheckSysctlValue(fmt.Sprintf("/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/%s/accept_ra", name), "0")
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if ipVersion == "4" {
		err = testutils.CheckSysctlValue(fmt.Sprintf("/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/%s/route_localnet", name), "1")
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		err = testutils.CheckSysctlValue(fmt.Sprintf("/proc/sys/net/ipv4/neigh/%s/proxy_delay", name), "0")
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		err = testutils.CheckSysctlValue(fmt.Sprintf("/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/%s/proxy_arp", name), "1")
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		err = testutils.CheckSysctlValue(fmt.Sprintf("/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/%s/forwarding", name), "1")
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
	} else if ipVersion == "6" {
		err = testutils.CheckSysctlValue(fmt.Sprintf("/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/%s/proxy_ndp", name), "1")
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		err = testutils.CheckSysctlValue(fmt.Sprintf("/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/%s/forwarding", name), "1")
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

	}

	return nil
}
