---
title: Enabling application layer policy for Istio
description: Enforce application layer network policy for Istio using Calico network policy.
canonical_url: '/getting-started/kubernetes/installation/app-layer-policy'
---

### Big picture

Enable {{site.prodname}} application layer network policy in Istio service mesh.

### Value

{{site.prodname}} application layer policy lets you enforce application layer attributes like HTTP methods or paths, and cryptographically secure identities for Istio-enabled apps.

### Concepts

#### Mitigate threats with {{site.prodname}} network policy

Although Istio policy is ideal for operational goals, security inside and outside the cluster requires {{site.prodname}} network policy. {{site.prodname}} supports a special integration for Istio, called **application layer policy**. This policy lets you restrict ingress traffic inside and outside pods, and mitigate common threats to Istio-enabled apps.

For a tutorial on how application layer policy provides second-factor authentication for the mythical Yao Bank, see [Enforce network policy using Istio]({{ site.baseurl }}/security/tutorials/app-layer-policy/enforce-policy-istio).

### Before you begin...

**Required**

- [Calico is installed]({{ site.baseurl }}/getting-started/)
- [calicoctl is installed and configured]({{ site.baseurl }}/getting-started/calicoctl/install)
- Kubernetes 1.15 or older (Istio 1.1.7 does not support Kubernetes 1.16+).
See this [issue](https://github.com/projectcalico/calico/issues/2943) for details and workaround.

### How to

1. [Enable application layer policy](#enable-application-layer-policy)
1. [Install Istio](#install-istio)
1. [Update Istio sidecar injector](#update-istio-sidecar-injector)
1. [Add Calico authorization services to the mesh](#add-calico-authorization-services-to-the-mesh)
1. [Add namespace labels](#add-namespace-labels)

#### Enable application layer policy

To enable the application layer policy, you must enable the **Policy Sync API** on Felix cluster-wide.

In the default **FelixConfiguration**, set the field, `policySyncPathPrefix` to `/var/run/nodeagent`:

```bash
calicoctl patch FelixConfiguration default --patch \
   '{"spec": {"policySyncPathPrefix": "/var/run/nodeagent"}}'
```

#### Install Istio

1. Verify [application layer policy requirements]({{ site.baseurl }}/getting-started/kubernetes/requirements#application-layer-policy-requirements).
1. Install Istio using the [Istio project documentation](https://istio.io/docs/setup/install/). Istio can be installed in both strict mode or permissive mode. For example to install Istio in strict mode:

```bash
curl -L https://git.io/getLatestIstio | ISTIO_VERSION=1.4.2 sh -
cd $(ls -d istio-*)
./bin/istioctl manifest apply --set values.global.mtls.enabled=true --set values.global.controlPlaneSecurityEnabled=true
```

Strict mode is suggested when creating a new cluster. Adopting mTLS into an existing deployment is challenging because you need to make sure both client and server are provisioned with certificates at the same time. As a result, Istio provides a mode to take a deployment not using mTLS and gradually enable it without causing outages for clients. Istio permissive mode allows a service to accept both plaintext traffic and mutual TLS traffic at the same time.

Application layer policies work with both Istio in strict or permissive mode. When dealing with mTLS traffic, {{site.prodname}} will cryptographically verify identity while making an authorization decision. When {{site.prodname}} receives plain-text instead, it will fall back on using IP addresses to verify identity.

#### Update Istio sidecar injector

The sidecar injector automatically modifies pods as they are created to work with Istio. This step modifies the injector configuration to add Dikastes (a {{site.prodname}} component), as sidecar containers.

1. Follow the [Automatic sidecar injection instructions](https://archive.istio.io/v1.3/docs/setup/additional-setup/sidecar-injection/#automatic-sidecar-injection) to install the sidecar injector and enable it in your chosen namespace(s).
1. Patch the istio-sidecar-injector `ConfigMap` to enable injection of Dikastes alongside Envoy.

```
curl {{ "/manifests/alp/istio-inject-configmap-1.4.2.yaml" | absolute_url }} -o istio-inject-configmap.yaml
kubectl patch configmap -n istio-system istio-sidecar-injector --patch "$(cat istio-inject-configmap.yaml)"
```
[View sample manifest]({{ "/manifests/alp/istio-inject-configmap-1.3.5.yaml" | absolute_url }}){:target="_blank"}

If you installed a different version of Istio, substitute 1.4.2 in the above URL for your Istio version. We have predefined `ConfigMaps` for Istio versions 1.1.0 through 1.1.17, 1.2.0 through 1.2.9, 1.3.0 through 1.3.5, and 1.4.0 through 1.4.2. To customize the standard sidecar injector `ConfigMap` or understand the changes we have made, see [Customizing the manifests]({{ site.baseurl }}/getting-started/kubernetes/installation/config-options).

#### Add Calico authorization services to the mesh

Apply the following manifest to configure Istio to query {{site.prodname}} for application layer policy authorization decisions.

```
kubectl apply -f {{ "/manifests/alp/istio-app-layer-policy.yaml" | absolute_url }}
```

[View sample manifest]({{ "/manifests/alp/istio-app-layer-policy.yaml" | absolute_url }}){:target="_blank"}

#### Add namespace labels

You can control enforcement of application layer policy on a per-namespace basis. However, this only works on pods that are started with the Envoy and {{site.prodname}} Dikastes sidecars (as noted in the step, Update Istio sidecar injector). Pods that do not have the {{site.prodname}} sidecars, enforce only standard {{site.prodname}} network policy.

To enable Istio and application layer policy in a namespace, add the label `istio-injection=enabled`.

```
kubectl label namespace <your namespace name> istio-injection=enabled
```

If the namespace already has pods in it, you must recreate them for this to take effect.

>**Note**: Envoy must be able to communicate with the `istio-pilot.istio-system service`. If you apply any egress policies to your pods, you *must* enable access. For example, you could [apply a network policy]({{ "/getting-started/kubernetes/installation/manifests/app-layer-policy/allow-istio-pilot.yaml" | absolute_url }}).
{: .alert .alert-info}

### Above and beyond

- [Enforce network policy using Istio tutorial]({{ site.baseurl }}/security/tutorials/app-layer-policy/enforce-policy-istio)
- [Enforce network policy using Istio]({{ site.baseurl }}/security/enforce-policy-istio)
- [Use HTTP methods and paths in policy rules]({{ site.baseurl }}/security/http-methods)
