# std::tie

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< cpp‎ | utility‎ | tuple

Defined in header `<tuple>` |  |
template< class... Types > std::tuple <Types&...> tie( Types&... args ) noexcept; |  | (since C++11) (constexpr since C++14)

Creates a tuple of lvalue references to its arguments or instances of std::ignore.

### Parameters

args | - | zero or more lvalue arguments to construct the tuple from.

### Return value

A std::tuple object containing lvalue references.

### Possible implementation

    template <typename... Args>
    constexpr // since C++14
    std::tuple<Args&...> tie(Args&... args) noexcept
    {
        return {args...};
    }

### Notes

`std::tie` may be used to unpack a std::pair because std::tuple has a converting assignment from pairs:

    bool result;
    std::tie(std::ignore, result) = set.insert(value);

### Example

1) `std::tie` can be used to introduce lexicographical comparison to a struct or to unpack a tuple;
2) `std::tie` can work with structured bindings:

Run this code

    #include <cassert>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <set>
    #include <string>
    #include <tuple>

    struct S
    {
        int n;
        std::string s;
        float d;

        friend bool operator<(const S& lhs, const S& rhs) noexcept
        {
            // compares lhs.n to rhs.n,
            // then lhs.s to rhs.s,
            // then lhs.d to rhs.d
            // in that order, first non-equal result is returned
            // or false if all elements are equal
            return std::tie(lhs.n, lhs.s, lhs.d) < std::tie(rhs.n, rhs.s, rhs.d);
        }
    };

    int main()
    {
        // Lexicographical comparison demo:
        std::set<S> set_of_s;

        S value{42, "Test", 3.14};
        std::set<S>::iterator iter;
        bool is_inserted;

        // Unpack a pair:
        std::tie(iter, is_inserted) = set_of_s.insert(value);
        assert(is_inserted);

        // std::tie and structured bindings:
        auto position = [](int w) { return std::tuple(1 * w, 2 * w); };

        auto [x, y] = position(1);
        assert(x == 1 && y == 2);
        std::tie(x, y) = position(2); // reuse x, y with tie
        assert(x == 2 && y == 4);

        // Implicit conversions are permitted:
        std::tuple<char, short> coordinates(6, 9);
        std::tie(x, y) = coordinates;
        assert(x == 6 && y == 9);

        // Skip an element:
        std::string z;
        std::tie(x, std::ignore, z) = std::tuple(1, 2.0, "Test");
        assert(x == 1 && z == "Test");
    }

### See also

Structured binding (C++17) | binds the specified names to sub-objects or tuple elements of the initializer
make_tuple (C++11) | creates a `tuple` object of the type defined by the argument types (function template)
forward_as_tuple (C++11) | creates a `tuple` of forwarding references (function template)
tuple_cat (C++11) | creates a `tuple` by concatenating any number of tuples (function template)
ignore (C++11) | placeholder to skip an element when unpacking a `tuple` using `tie` (constant)

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