# std::iota

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< cpp‎ | algorithm

Defined in header `<numeric>` |  |
template< class ForwardIt, class T > void iota( ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, T value ); |  | (since C++11) (constexpr since C++20)

Fills the range `[`first`,` last`)` with sequentially increasing values, starting with value and repetitively evaluating ++value.

Equivalent operation (assuming ++value returns the incremented value):

    *first   = value;
    *++first = ++value;
    *++first = ++value;
    *++first = ++value;
    // repeats until “last” is reached

If any of the following conditions is satisfied, the program is ill-formed:

- `T` is not convertible to the value type of `ForwardIt`.
- The expression ++val is ill-formed, where val is a variable of type `T`.

### Parameters

first, last | - | the range of elements to fill with sequentially increasing values starting with value
value | - | initial value to store

### Complexity

Exactly std::distance (first, last) increments and assignments.

### Possible implementation

    template<class ForwardIt, class T>
    constexpr // since C++20
    void iota(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, T value)
    {
        for (; first != last; ++first, ++value)
            *first = value;
    }

### Notes

The function is named after the integer function ⍳ from the programming language APL. It was one of the STL components that were not included in C++98, but made it into the standard library in C++11.

### Example

The following example applies std::shuffle to a vector of std::lists' iterators. `std::iota` is used to populate containers.

Run this code

    #include <algorithm>
    #include <iomanip>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <list>
    #include <numeric>
    #include <random>
    #include <vector>

    class BigData // inefficient to copy
    {
        int data[1024]; /* some raw data */
    public:
        explicit BigData(int i = 0) { data[0] = i; /* ... */ }
        operator int() const { return data[0]; }
        BigData& operator=(int i) { data[0] = i; return *this; }
        /* ... */
    };

    int main()
    {
        std::list<BigData> l(10);
        std::iota(l.begin(), l.end(), -4);

        std::vector<std::list<BigData>::iterator> v(l.size());
        std::iota(v.begin(), v.end(), l.begin());
        // Vector of iterators (to original data) is used to avoid expensive copying,
        // and because std::shuffle (below) cannot be applied to a std::list directly.

        std::shuffle(v.begin(), v.end(), std::mt19937{std::random_device{}()});

        std::cout << "Original contents of the list l:\t";
        for (const auto& n : l)
            std::cout << std::setw(2) << n << ' ';
        std::cout << '\n';

        std::cout << "Contents of l, viewed via shuffled v:\t";
        for (const auto i : v)
            std::cout << std::setw(2) << *i << ' ';
        std::cout << '\n';
    }

Possible output:

    Original contents of the list l:	-4 -3 -2 -1  0  1  2  3  4  5
    Contents of l, viewed via shuffled v:	-1  5 -4  0  2  1  4 -2  3 -3

### See also

ranges::iota_viewviews::iota (C++20) | a `view` consisting of a sequence generated by repeatedly incrementing an initial value (class template) (customization point object)
fill | copy-assigns the given value to every element in a range (function template)
ranges::fill (C++20) | assigns a range of elements a certain value (algorithm function object)
generate | assigns the results of successive function calls to every element in a range (function template)
ranges::generate (C++20) | saves the result of a function in a range (algorithm function object)
ranges::iota (C++23) | fills a range with successive increments of the starting value (algorithm function object)

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