# std::deque<T,Allocator>::emplace

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< cpp‎ | container‎ | deque

template< class... Args > iterator emplace( const_iterator pos, Args&&... args ); |  | (since C++11)

Inserts a new element into the container directly before pos.

The element is constructed through std::allocator_traits::construct, which typically uses placement-new to construct the element in-place at a location provided by the container. However, if the required location has been occupied by an existing element, the inserted element is constructed at another location at first, and then move assigned into the required location.

The arguments args... are forwarded to the constructor as std::forward <Args>(args).... args... may directly or indirectly refer to a value in the container.

All iterators (including the `end()` iterator) are invalidated. References are invalidated too, unless pos ==`` `begin()` or pos ==`` `end()`, in which case they are not invalidated.

### Parameters

pos | - | iterator before which the new element will be constructed
args | - | arguments to forward to the constructor of the element
Type requirements
- `T (the container's element type)` must meet the requirements of MoveAssignable, MoveInsertable and EmplaceConstructible.

### Return value

Iterator pointing to the emplaced element.

### Complexity

Linear in the lesser of the distances between pos and either of the ends of the container.

### Exceptions

If an exception is thrown other than by the copy constructor, move constructor, assignment operator, or move assignment operator of the `T`, or if an exception is thrown while `emplace` is used to insert a single element at the either end, there are no effects (strong exception guarantee).

Otherwise, the effects are unspecified.

### Example

Run this code

    #include <iostream>
    #include <string>
    #include <deque>

    struct A
    {
        std::string s;

        A(std::string str) : s(std::move(str)) { std::cout << " constructed\n"; }

        A(const A& o) : s(o.s) { std::cout << " copy constructed\n"; }

        A(A&& o) : s(std::move(o.s)) { std::cout << " move constructed\n"; }

        A& operator=(const A& other)
        {
            s = other.s;
            std::cout << " copy assigned\n";
            return *this;
        }

        A& operator=(A&& other)
        {
            s = std::move(other.s);
            std::cout << " move assigned\n";
            return *this;
        }
    };

    int main()
    {
        std::deque<A> container;

        std::cout << "construct 2 times A:\n";
        A two{"two"};
        A three{"three"};

        std::cout << "emplace:\n";
        container.emplace(container.end(), "one");

        std::cout << "emplace with A&:\n";
        container.emplace(container.end(), two);

        std::cout << "emplace with A&&:\n";
        container.emplace(container.end(), std::move(three));

        std::cout << "content:\n";
        for (const auto& obj : container)
            std::cout << ' ' << obj.s;
        std::cout << '\n';
    }

Output:

    construct 2 times A:
     constructed
     constructed
    emplace:
     constructed
    emplace with A&:
     copy constructed
    emplace with A&&:
     move constructed
    content:
     one two three

### Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR | Applied to | Behavior as published | Correct behavior
--- | --- | --- | ---
LWG 2164 | C++11 | it was not clear whether the arguments can refer to the container | clarified

### See also

insert | inserts elements (public member function)
emplace_back (C++11) | constructs an element in-place at the end (public member function)

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