# std::counted_iterator

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Defined in header `<iterator>` |  |
template< std::input_or_output_iterator I > class counted_iterator; |  | (since C++20)

`std::counted_iterator` is an iterator adaptor which behaves exactly like the underlying iterator, except that it keeps track of the distance to the end of its range. This iterator is equal to std::default_sentinel if and only if its count reaches zero.

### Member types

Member type | Definition
`iterator_type` | `I`
`value_type` (conditionally present) | std::iter_value_t <I> if `I` models `indirectly_readable`; otherwise, not defined
`difference_type` | std::iter_difference_t <I>
`iterator_concept` (conditionally present) | I::iterator_concept if present; otherwise, not defined
`iterator_category` (conditionally present) | I::iterator_category if present; otherwise, not defined

### Member objects

Member name | Definition
`current` (private) | the underlying iterator which `base()` accesses (exposition-only member object*)
`length` (private) | the distance between the underlying iterator and the end of its range (exposition-only member object*)

### Member functions

(constructor) (C++20) | constructs a new iterator adaptor (public member function)
operator= (C++20) | assigns another iterator adaptor (public member function)
base (C++20) | accesses the underlying iterator (public member function)
count (C++20) | returns the distance to the end (public member function)
operator*operator-> (C++20) | accesses the pointed-to element (public member function)
operator[] (C++20) | accesses an element by index (public member function)
operator++operator++(int)operator+=operator+operator--operator--(int)operator-=operator- (C++20) | advances or decrements the iterator (public member function)

### Non-member functions

operator==operator<=> (C++20) | compares the distances to the end (function template)
operator==(std::default_sentinel) (C++20) | checks if the distance to the end is equal to `​0​` (function template)
operator+ (C++20) | advances the iterator (function template)
operator- (C++20) | computes the distance between two iterator adaptors (function template)
operator-(std::default_sentinel_t) (C++20) | computes the signed distance to the end (function template)
iter_move (C++20) | casts the result of dereferencing the underlying iterator to its associated rvalue reference type (function)
iter_swap (C++20) | swaps the objects pointed to by two underlying iterators (function template)

### Helper classes

std::iterator_traits<std::counted_iterator> (C++20) | provides uniform interface to the properties of the std::counted_iterator type (class template specialization)

### Example

Run this code

    #include <algorithm>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <iterator>
    #include <string>
    #include <vector>

    using std::operator""s;

    void print(auto const remark, auto const& v)
    {
        const auto size = std::ssize(v);
        std::cout << remark << '[' << size << "] { ";
        for (auto it = std::counted_iterator{std::cbegin(v), size};
             it != std::default_sentinel; ++it)
            std::cout << *it << (it.count() > 1 ? ", " : " ");
        std::cout << "}\n";
    }

    int main()
    {
        const auto src = {"Arcturus"s, "Betelgeuse"s, "Canopus"s, "Deneb"s, "Elnath"s};
        print("src", src);
        std::vector<decltype(src)::value_type> dst;
        std::ranges::copy(std::counted_iterator{src.begin(), 3},
                          std::default_sentinel,
                          std::back_inserter(dst));
        print("dst", dst);
    }

Output:

    src[5] { Arcturus, Betelgeuse, Canopus, Deneb, Elnath }
    dst[3] { Arcturus, Betelgeuse, Canopus }

### Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR | Applied to | Behavior as published | Correct behavior
--- | --- | --- | ---
P2259R1 | C++20 | member typedefs are not provided std::incrementable_traits is specialized for `counted_iterator` | member typedefs are added to account for `iterator_traits` fix redundant std::incrementable_traits specialization is removed

### See also

default_sentinel_t (C++20) | default sentinel for use with iterators that know the bound of their range (class)
views::counted (C++20) | creates a subrange from an iterator and a count (customization point object)
ranges::take_viewviews::take (C++20) | a `view` consisting of the first N elements of another `view` (class template) (range adaptor object)

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