# std::atomic_fetch_or, std::atomic_fetch_or_explicit

From cppreference.com
< cpp‎ | atomic

Defined in header `<atomic>` |  |
template< class T > T atomic_fetch_or( std::atomic <T>* obj, typename std::atomic <T>::value_type arg ) noexcept; | (1) | (since C++11)
template< class T > T atomic_fetch_or( volatile std::atomic <T>* obj, typename std::atomic <T>::value_type arg ) noexcept; | (2) | (since C++11)
template< class T > T atomic_fetch_or_explicit( std::atomic <T>* obj, typename std::atomic <T>::value_type arg, std::memory_order order ) noexcept; | (3) | (since C++11)
template< class T > T atomic_fetch_or_explicit( volatile std::atomic <T>* obj, typename std::atomic <T>::value_type arg, std::memory_order order ) noexcept; | (4) | (since C++11)

Atomically replaces the value pointed by obj with the result of bitwise OR between the old value of obj and arg. Returns the value obj held previously.

The operation is performed as if the following is executed:

1,2) obj->fetch_or(arg)
3,4) obj->fetch_or(arg, order)

If `std::atomic<T>` has no `fetch_or` member (this member is only provided for integral types except bool), the program is ill-formed.

### Parameters

obj | - | pointer to the atomic object to modify
arg | - | the value to bitwise OR to the value stored in the atomic object
order | - | the memory synchronization ordering

### Return value

The value immediately preceding the effects of this function in the modification order of *obj.

### Example

Run this code

    #include <atomic>
    #include <chrono>
    #include <functional>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <thread>

    // Binary semaphore for demonstrative purposes only.
    // This is a simple yet meaningful example: atomic operations
    // are unnecessary without threads.
    class Semaphore
    {
        std::atomic_char m_signaled;
    public:
        Semaphore(bool initial = false)
        {
            m_signaled = initial;
        }
        // Block until semaphore is signaled
        void take()
        {
            while (!std::atomic_fetch_and(&m_signaled, false))
            {
                std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
            }
        }

        void put()
        {
            std::atomic_fetch_or(&m_signaled, true);
        }
    };

    class ThreadedCounter
    {
        static const int N = 100;
        static const int REPORT_INTERVAL = 10;
        int m_count;
        bool m_done;
        Semaphore m_count_sem;
        Semaphore m_print_sem;

        void count_up()
        {
            for (m_count = 1; m_count <= N; ++m_count)
                if (m_count % REPORT_INTERVAL == 0)
                {
                    if (m_count == N)
                        m_done = true;
                    m_print_sem.put(); // signal printing to occur
                    m_count_sem.take(); // wait until printing is complete proceeding
                }
            std::cout << "count_up() done\n";
            m_done = true;
            m_print_sem.put();
        }

        void print_count()
        {
            do
            {
                m_print_sem.take();
                std::cout << m_count << '\n';
                m_count_sem.put();
            }
            while (!m_done);
            std::cout << "print_count() done\n";
        }

    public:
        ThreadedCounter() : m_done(false) {}
        void run()
        {
            auto print_thread = std::thread(&ThreadedCounter::print_count, this);
            auto count_thread = std::thread(&ThreadedCounter::count_up, this);
            print_thread.join();
            count_thread.join();
        }
    };

    int main()
    {
        ThreadedCounter m_counter;
        m_counter.run();
    }

Output:

    10
    20
    30
    40
    50
    60
    70
    80
    90
    100
    print_count() done
    count_up() done

### Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR | Applied to | Behavior as published | Correct behavior
--- | --- | --- | ---
P0558R1 | C++11 | exact type match was required because `T` was deduced from multiple arguments | `T` is only deduced from obj

### See also

fetch_or | atomically performs bitwise OR between the argument and the value of the atomic object and obtains the value held previously (public member function of `std::atomic<T>`)
atomic_fetch_andatomic_fetch_and_explicit (C++11)(C++11) | replaces the atomic object with the result of bitwise AND with a non-atomic argument and obtains the previous value of the atomic (function template)
atomic_fetch_xoratomic_fetch_xor_explicit (C++11)(C++11) | replaces the atomic object with the result of bitwise XOR with a non-atomic argument and obtains the previous value of the atomic (function template)
C documentation for atomic_fetch_or, atomic_fetch_or_explicit

Retrieved from "https://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/atomic/atomic_fetch_or&oldid=161343"