# std::runtime_format

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< cpp‎ | utility‎ | format

Defined in header `<format>` |  |
/*runtime-format-string*/<char> runtime_format( std::string_view fmt ) noexcept; | (1) | (since C++26)
/*runtime-format-string*/<wchar_t> runtime_format( std::wstring_view fmt ) noexcept; | (2) | (since C++26)

Returns an object that stores a runtime format string directly usable in user-oriented formatting functions and can be implicitly converted to `std::basic_format_string`.

### Parameters

fmt | - | a string view

### Return value

An object holding the runtime format string of the exposition-only type:

## Class template `runtime-format-string` `<CharT>`

template< class CharT > struct /*runtime-format-string*/; |  | (exposition only*)

#### Member objects

The returned object contains an exposition-only non-static data member `str` of type std::basic_string_view<CharT>.

#### Constructors and assignments

/*runtime-format-string*/( std::basic_string_view <CharT> s ) noexcept; | (1) |
/*runtime-format-string*/( const /*runtime-format-string*/& ) = delete; | (2) |
/*runtime-format-string*/& operator=( const /*runtime-format-string*/& ) = delete; | (3) |

1) Initializes `str` with `s`.
2) Copy constructor is explicitly deleted. The type is neither copyable nor movable.
3) The assignment is explicitly deleted.

### Notes

Since the return type of `runtime_format` is neither copyable nor movable, an attempt of passing runtime_fmt as glvalue inhibits the construction of std::basic_format_string which results in program ill-formed. To construct `std::basic_format_string` with `runtime_format`, the returned value of `runtime_format` is passed directly on `std::basic_format_string` as prvalue where copy elision is guaranteed.

    auto runtime_fmt = std::runtime_format("{}");

    auto s0 = std::format(runtime_fmt, 1); // error
    auto s1 = std::format(std::move(runtime_fmt), 1); // still error
    auto s2 = std::format(std::runtime_format("{}"), 1); // ok

Feature-test macro | Value | Std | Feature
--- | --- | --- | ---
`__cpp_lib_format` | `202311L` | (C++26) | Runtime format strings

### Example

Run this code

    #include <format>
    #include <print>
    #include <string>
    #include <string_view>

    int main()
    {
        std::print("Hello {}!\n", "world");

        std::string fmt;
        for (int i{}; i != 3; ++i)
        {
            fmt += "{} "; // constructs the formatting string
            std::print("{} : ", fmt);
            std::println(std::runtime_format(fmt), "alpha", 'Z', 3.14, "unused");
        }
    }

Output:

    Hello world!
    {}  : alpha
    {} {}  : alpha Z
    {} {} {}  : alpha Z 3.14

### See also

format (C++20) | stores formatted representation of the arguments in a new string (function template)
vformat (C++20) | non-template variant of std::format using type-erased argument representation (function)
basic_format_stringformat_stringwformat_string (C++20)(C++20)(C++20) | class template that performs compile-time format string checks at construction time (class template)

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