# std::basic_istream<CharT,Traits>::operator>>

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< cpp‎ | io‎ | basic istream

basic_istream& operator>>( unsigned short& value ); | (1) |
basic_istream& operator>>( unsigned int& value ); | (2) |
basic_istream& operator>>( long& value ); | (3) |
basic_istream& operator>>( unsigned long& value ); | (4) |
basic_istream& operator>>( long long& value ); | (5) | (since C++11)
basic_istream& operator>>( unsigned long long& value ); | (6) | (since C++11)
basic_istream& operator>>( float& value ); | (7) |
basic_istream& operator>>( double& value ); | (8) |
basic_istream& operator>>( long double& value ); | (9) |
basic_istream& operator>>( bool& value ); | (10) |
basic_istream& operator>>( void*& value ); | (11) |
basic_istream& operator>>( short& value ); | (12) |
basic_istream& operator>>( int& value ); | (13) |
basic_istream& operator>>( /* extended-floating-point-type */& value ); | (14) | (since C++23)
basic_istream& operator>>( std::ios_base & (*func)( std::ios_base &) ); | (15) |
basic_istream& operator>>( std::basic_ios <CharT, Traits>& (*func)( std::basic_ios <CharT, Traits>&) ); | (16) |
basic_istream& operator>>( basic_istream& (*func)(basic_istream&) ); | (17) |
basic_istream& operator>>( std::basic_streambuf <CharT, Traits>* sb ); | (18) |

Extracts values from an input stream.

1-11) Extracts a value potentially skipping preceding whitespace. The value is stored to a given reference value.
This function behaves as a FormattedInputFunction. After constructing and checking the sentry object, which may skip leading whitespace, extracts a value by calling `std::num_get::get()`.
12) Extracts a short value potentially skipping preceding whitespace. The value is stored to a given reference value.
This function behaves as a FormattedInputFunction. After constructing and checking the sentry object, which may skip leading whitespace, extracts a long value lval by calling `std::num_get::get()`. After that:

- If lval < std::numeric_limits <short>::min(), sets `failbit` and stores std::numeric_limits <short>::min() to val.
- Otherwise, if std::numeric_limits <short>::max() < lval, sets `failbit` and stores std::numeric_limits <short>::max() to val.
- Otherwise, stores static_cast<short>(lval) to val.

13) Extracts an int value potentially skipping preceding whitespace. The value is stored to a given reference value.
This function behaves as a FormattedInputFunction. After constructing and checking the sentry object, which may skip leading whitespace, extracts a long value lval by calling `std::num_get::get()`. After that:

- If lval < std::numeric_limits <int>::min(), sets `failbit` and stores std::numeric_limits <int>::min() to val.
- Otherwise, if std::numeric_limits <int>::max() < lval, sets `failbit` and stores std::numeric_limits <int>::max() to val.
- Otherwise, stores static_cast<int>(lval) to val.

14) Extracts an extended floating-point value potentially skipping preceding whitespace. The value is stored to a given reference value. The library provides overloads for all cv-unqualified extended floating-point types as the referenced type of the parameter value.
Determines the standard floating-point type `FP` as follows:

- If the floating-point conversion rank of /* extended-floating-point-type */ is less than or equal to that of float, then `FP` is float.
- Otherwise, if the floating-point conversion rank of /* extended-floating-point-type */ is less than or equal to that of double, then `FP` is double.
- Otherwise, `FP` is long double.

This function behaves as a FormattedInputFunction. After constructing and checking the sentry object, which may skip leading whitespace, extracts an `FP` value fval by calling `std::num_get::get()`. After that:

- If fval < - std::numeric_limits </* extended-floating-point-type */>::max(), sets `failbit` and stores - std::numeric_limits </* extended-floating-point-type */>::max() to val.
- Otherwise, if std::numeric_limits </* extended-floating-point-type */>::max() < fval, sets `failbit` and stores std::numeric_limits </* extended-floating-point-type */>::max() to val.
- Otherwise, stores static_cast</* extended-floating-point-type */>(fval) to val.

15-17) Calls func(*this), where func is an I/O manipulator.
18) Behaves as an UnformattedInputFunction. After constructing and checking the sentry object, extracts all data from *this and stores it to sb. The extraction stops if one of the following conditions are met:

  - end-of-file occurs on the input sequence;
  - inserting in the output sequence fails (in which case the character to be inserted is not extracted);
  - an exception occurs (in which case the exception is caught, and only rethrown if it inserted no characters and `failbit` is enabled in `exceptions()`).

In either case, stores the number of characters extracted in the member variable accessed by subsequent calls to gcount(). If sb is a null pointer or if no characters were inserted into sb, calls setstate(failbit) (which may throw std::ios_base::failure if enabled).

If extraction fails (e.g. if a letter was entered where a digit is expected), zero is written to value and `failbit` is set. For signed integers, if extraction results in the value too large or too small to fit in value, std::numeric_limits <T>::max() or std::numeric_limits <T>::min() (respectively) is written and `failbit` flag is set. For unsigned integers, if extraction results in the value too large or too small to fit in value, std::numeric_limits <T>::max() is written and `failbit` flag is set.

### Parameters

value | - | reference to an integer or floating-point value to store the extracted value to
func | - | pointer to I/O manipulator function
sb | - | pointer to the stream buffer to write all the data to

### Return value

1-16,18) *this
17) func(*this)

### Notes

For overload (14), when the extended floating-point type has a floating-point conversion rank that is not equal to the rank of any standard floating-point type, then double rounding during the conversion can result in inaccurate results. `std::from_chars()` can be used in situations where maximum accuracy is important.

### Example

Run this code

    #include <iomanip>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <sstream>

    int main()
    {
        std::string input = "41 3.14 false hello world";
        std::istringstream stream(input);

        int n;
        double f;
        bool b;

        stream >> n >> f >> std::boolalpha >> b;
        std::cout << "n = " << n << '\n'
                  << "f = " << f << '\n'
                  << "b = " << std::boolalpha << b << '\n';

        // extract the rest using the streambuf overload
        stream >> std::cout.rdbuf();
        std::cout << '\n';
    }

Output:

    n = 41
    f = 3.14
    b = false
    hello world

### Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR | Applied to | Behavior as published | Correct behavior
--- | --- | --- | ---
LWG 64 | C++98 | it was unclear whether overload (18) can only rethrow the std::ios_base::failure thrown by calling setstate(failbit) | all exceptions caught can be rethrown
LWG 118 | C++98 | overload (12,13) delegated the extraction to `num_get::get`, but it does not have overloads for short and int | a long value is extracted instead of short or int
LWG 413 | C++98 | overload (18) only rethrew exceptions thrown while extracting characters from sb, but characters are extracted from *this | corrected sb to *this
LWG 567 | C++98 | overload (18) behaved as a FormattedInputFunction because of the resolution of LWG issue 60 | it behaves as an UnformattedInputFunction
LWG 661 | C++98 | overloads (12,13) did not store the extracted number to value due to the resolution of LWG issue 118 | stores the number if no overflow occurs
LWG 696 | C++98 | value was unchanged on extraction failure | set to zero or minimum/ maximum values

### See also

operator>>(std::basic_istream) | extracts characters and character arrays (function template)
operator<<operator>> | performs stream input and output on strings (function template)
operator<<operator>> | performs stream input and output of bitsets (function template)
operator<<operator>> | serializes and deserializes a complex number (function template)
operator<<operator>> (C++11) | performs stream input and output on pseudo-random number engine (function template)
operator<<operator>> (C++11) | performs stream input and output on pseudo-random number distribution (function template)
read | extracts blocks of characters (public member function)
readsome | extracts already available blocks of characters (public member function)
get | extracts characters (public member function)
getline | extracts characters until the given character is found (public member function)
from_chars (C++17) | converts a character sequence to an integer or floating-point value (function)

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